A5058294529- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Hepatitis C virus research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Virus-based gene therapy research
Peter Doherty Institute
2016-2025
The University of Melbourne
2016-2025
The Royal Melbourne Hospital
2017-2025
The University of Queensland
2024
Westmead Institute for Medical Research
2024
University of Münster
2024
The Alfred Hospital
2009-2020
Monash University
2008-2020
GTx (United States)
2016-2020
Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute
2008
SARS-CoV-2 causes a spectrum of COVID-19 disease, the immunological basis which remains ill defined. We analyzed 85 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals at acute and/or convalescent time points, up to 102 days after symptom onset, quantifying 184 parameters. Acute presented with high levels IL-6, IL-18, and IL-10 broad activation marked by upregulation CD38 on innate adaptive lymphocytes myeloid cells. Importantly, activated CXCR3+cTFH1 cells in significantly correlate predict antibody their...
HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) decreases risk of acquisition; however, its efficacy is closely dependent on adherence. There also concern that the preventive effect PrEP may be offset by compensation, notably an increase in condomless anal sex.Multisite, open-label demonstration study recruited people at current or recent infection Melbourne, Australia.Participants were from three general practice clinics and one sexual health clinic Melbourne consented to take daily...
High-risk groups, including Indigenous people, are at risk of severe COVID-19. Here we found that Australian First Nations peoples elicit effective immune responses to COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccination, neutralizing antibodies, receptor-binding domain (RBD) SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific B cells, and CD4+ CD8+ T cells. In participants, RBD IgG antibody titers were correlated with body mass index negatively age. Reduced cells follicular helper in vaccinated participants chronic conditions (diabetes,...
Viral respiratory tract infections are frequently complicated by secondary bacterial infections. This study aimed to use machine learning predict the risk of superinfection in SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals.
Respiratory tract infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in varying immunopathology underlying COVID-19. We examine cellular, humoral and cytokine responses covering 382 immune components longitudinal blood respiratory samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM, IgG, IgA are detected blood, however, receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgM IgG seroconversion is enhanced specimens. neutralization activity correlates RBD-specific levels. Cytokines/chemokines vary between...
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infected individuals display a wide spectrum of severity, as defined the World Health Organization (WHO). One main factors underlying this heterogeneity host immune response, with COVID-19 often associated hyperinflammatory state. Aim Our current study aimed to pinpoint specific genes and pathways differences in outcomes observed, through in-depth analyses...
Pregnancy poses a greater risk for severe COVID-19; however, underlying immunological changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy are poorly understood. We defined immune responses to in unvaccinated pregnant and nonpregnant women acute convalescent COVID-19, quantifying 217 parameters. Humoral were similar women, although our systems serology approach revealed distinct antibody FcγR profiles between women. Cellular analyses demonstrated marked differences NK cell unconventional T...
Long COVID occurs in a small but important minority of patients following COVID-19, reducing quality life and contributing to healthcare burden. Although research into underlying mechanisms is evolving, immunity understudied. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses are key importance for viral clearance COVID-19 recovery. However, long COVID, the establishment persistence cells far from clear, especially beyond 12 mo postinfection postvaccination. We defined ex vivo antigen-specific B their...
BACKGROUND. The immunogenicity of current influenza vaccines need improvement. Inactivated and COVID-19 mRNA can be co-administered but randomized controlled trial data is lacking on whether the two are more immunogenic if given in same or opposite arms. Murine studies suggest adjuvant when co-formulated delivered together.
Abstract The ongoing rollout of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines lags behind rapid viral evolution. Updated vaccine immunogens elicit neutralising antibodies against the component strain. However, protection future variants is unclear. Here, we sought to understand factors underpinning serological breadth following bivalent BA.1 vaccination. Booster vaccination 33 individuals elicited robust and durable antibody responses antigens elevated frequencies spike-specific CD4 CD8 T cells. Immunisation...
Background. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or hepatitis B (HBV) coinfection with human immunodeficiency (HIV) has a greater risk of mortality than either HCV or HBV infection alone and is frequently associated flares after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Methods. We performed retrospective cohort study 287 HIV-positive persons coinfected (70 had only, 207 coninfection 10 coinfections) who pre-ART plasma samples evaluated for biomarkers death (within 4 years) flare months) ART A...
ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T-cell responses are important in the natural history of HBV infection. The number known HBV-specific epitopes is limited, and it not clear whether viral evolution occurs chronic We aimed to identify novel by examining relationship between sequence variation human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type a large prospective clinic-based cohort Asian patients with infection recruited Australia China ( n = 119). High-resolution 4-digit HLA class I II typing...
In HIV-hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection, adverse liver outcomes including fibrosis occur at higher frequency than in HBV-mono-infection, even following antiretroviral therapy (ART) that suppresses both HIV and HBV replication. To determine whether disease was associated with intrahepatic or circulating markers of inflammation burden HBV, biopsies blood were collected from HIV-HBV co-infected individuals (n = 39) living Bangkok, Thailand naïve to ART. Transient elastography (TE)...
BackgroundIn people living with HIV-HBV, liver fibrosis progression can occur even suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated the relationship between and biomarkers of inflammation, apoptosis, microbial translocation.MethodsIn this observational cohort study adults HIV-HBV already on effective ART were recruited in Australia Thailand followed for 3 years including 6 monthly clinical review blood tests annual transient elastography. Differences laboratory predictors tested by...
Entecavir, an antiviral with potent anti-hepatitis B virus activity, was recently shown to have anti-HIV activity in three patients and the ability select for lamivudine-resistant HIV polymerase mutation M184V a patient prior antiretroviral therapy.To further characterize entecavir's identify risk factors selection of M184V.Retrospective cohort study.We evaluated virological characteristics hepatitis 17 HIV-hepatitis coinfected (10 therapy-naive seven therapy-experienced) during entecavir...
Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is effective in suppressing HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication HIV-HBV coinfection although HBV DNA can persist some individuals on TDF-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART). We initiated a prospective longitudinal study to determine durability of virological control clinical outcomes after prolonged TDF-based ART coinfection. Methods: Ninety-two coinfected participants on, or about commence, from Australia (n = 41) Thailand 52) were...
HIV can infect multiple cells in the liver including hepatocytes, Kupffer and infiltrating T cells, but whether persist people with (PWH) on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains unknown.In a prospective longitudinal cohort of PWH hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection living Bangkok, Thailand, we collected blood biopsies from 18 participants prior to following ART quantified HBV persistence using quantitative (q)PCR RNA/DNAscope. Antiretroviral (ARV) drug levels were mass...
The aim of the study was to identify and characterize hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase gene mutations associated with ongoing HBV replication in HIV/HBV-coinfected individuals receiving tenofovir (TDF).This retrospective cross-sectional identified 28 who had received TDF for at least 3 months. All patients samples available while (on-TDF), 24 also prior treatment (pre-TDF). Case records were reviewed obtain clinical virological data times sampling (+/-3 months). DNA all amplified using...
Abstract Background. Advanced fibrosis occurs more commonly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-hepatitis B (HBV) coinfected individuals; therefore, monitoring is important this population. However, transient elastography (TE) data HIV-HBV coinfection are lacking. We aimed to assess liver using TE a cross-sectional study of individuals receiving combination HBV-active (lamivudine and/or tenofovir/tenofovir-emtricitabine) antiretroviral therapy, identify factors associated with advanced...