Joseph M. Gibbons
A5007077787- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- HIV Research and Treatment
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- RNA Research and Splicing
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Retinal and Optic Conditions
- Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Fungal Infections and Studies
- Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Vascular Tumors and Angiosarcomas
- Lymphatic Disorders and Treatments
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatments
- Complement system in diseases
Queen Mary University of London
2018-2025
Genomics (United Kingdom)
2022-2023
Pennsylvania State University
1990
University of Alabama at Birmingham
1988
University of Toledo Medical Center
1985
University of Toledo
1983
Abstract Individuals with potential exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) do not necessarily develop PCR or antibody positivity, suggesting that some individuals may clear subclinical infection before seroconversion. T cells can contribute the rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 and other infections 1–3 . Here we hypothesize pre-existing memory cell responses, cross-protective against (refs. 4–11 ), would expand in vivo support viral control, aborting infection....
A boost from infection During clinical trials of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines, no one who had survived with the virus was tested. year after pandemic declared, vaccination previously infected persons is a reality. Reynolds et al. address knowledge gap in cohort UK health care workers given Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine which half participants experienced natural infections early (see Perspective by Crotty). Genotyping indicated that genetic component underlies...
The Omicron, or Pango lineage B.1.1.529, variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) carries multiple spike mutations with high transmissibility and partial neutralizing antibody (nAb) escape. Vaccinated individuals show protection against disease, often attributed to primed cellular immunity. We investigated T B cell immunity B.1.1.529 in triple BioNTech BNT162b2 messenger RNA-vaccinated health care workers (HCWs) different SARS-CoV-2 infection histories....
Understanding the nature of immunity following mild/asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to controlling pandemic. We analyzed T cell and neutralizing antibody responses in 136 healthcare workers (HCW) 16-18 weeks after United Kingdom lockdown, 76 whom had captured by serial sampling. Neutralizing antibodies (nAb) were present 89% previously infected HCW. tended be lower asymptomatic than those reporting case-definition symptoms COVID-19, while nAb titers maintained irrespective...
Immune imprinting For severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), immune responses to heterologous variants are influenced by a person’s infection history. Healthcare workers (HCWs) may be exposed several doses and types of antigens, either natural or vaccination. Reynolds et al . studied cohort UK HCWs followed since March 2020. The immunological profiles these people depended on how often the subject had encountered antigen which variant was involved. Vaccine after were...
In a prospective cohort study of 265 laboratory and affiliated workers, one individual with no recognized risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection was HIV-1 seropositive at the time entry into study. Molecular analyses two isolates derived in independent laboratories from blood sample this worker showed that were indistinguishable genotypic form present H9/HTLV-IIIB cell line. Exposure to strain most probably occurred during work concentrated or culture fluids...
BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 serology is used to identify prior infection at individual and population level. Extended longitudinal studies with multi-timepoint sampling evaluate dynamic changes in antibody levels are required the time horizon which these applications of valid, explore longevity protective humoral immunity.MethodsHealthcare workers were recruited a prospective cohort study from first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic peak London, undergoing weekly symptom screen, viral PCR blood over 16–21 weeks....
BackgroundWe hypothesised that host-response biomarkers of viral infections might contribute to early identification individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, which is critical breaking the chains transmission. We aimed evaluate diagnostic accuracy existing candidate whole-blood transcriptomic signatures for infection predict positivity nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing.MethodsWe did a nested case-control study among prospective cohort health-care workers (aged ≥18 years) at St Bartholomew's...
Effective control of SARS-CoV-2 infection on primary exposure may reveal correlates protective immunity to future variants, but we lack insights into immune responses before or at the time virus is first detected. We use blood transcriptomics, multiparameter flow cytometry, and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing spanning incident non-severe in unvaccinated virus-naive individuals identify rapid type 1 interferon (IFN) common other acute respiratory viruses proliferation that discriminate from...
BackgroundThe majority of those infected by ancestral Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the UK first wave (starting March 2020) did not require hospitalisation. Most had a short-lived mild or asymptomatic infection, while others symptoms that persisted for weeks months. We hypothesized plasma proteome at time infection would reflect differences in inflammatory response linked to symptom severity and duration.MethodsWe performed nested longitudinal...
Among the unknowns in decoding pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 persistent symptoms Long Covid is whether there a contributory role abnormal immunity during acute infection. It has been proposed that consequence either an excessive or inadequate initial immune response. Here, we analyze humoral and cellular 86 healthcare workers with laboratory confirmed mild asymptomatic infection first wave. Symptom questionnaires allow stratification into those without for comparison. During period up to...
Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to associate with the impaired development of antigen-specific responses following vaccination. We aimed determine whether vitamin supplements might boost immunogenicity and efficacy SARS-CoV-2 vaccination by conducting three sub-studies nested within CORONAVIT randomised controlled trial, which investigated effects offering at a dose 800 IU/day or 3200 vs. no offer on risk acute respiratory infections in UK adults circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin...
Abstract SARS‐CoV‐2 infection results in different outcomes ranging from asymptomatic to mild or severe disease and death. Reasons for this diversity of outcome include differences challenge dose, age, gender, comorbidity host genomic variation. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms may influence immune response outcome. We investigated the association HLAII alleles with case definition symptomatic COVID‐19, virus‐specific antibody T‐cell immunity. A total 1364 UK healthcare workers...
Abstract Individuals with likely exposure to the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 do not necessarily develop PCR or antibody positivity, suggesting some may clear sub-clinical infection before seroconversion. T cells can contribute rapid clearance of and other coronavirus infections 1–5 . We hypothesised that pre-existing memory cell responses, cross-protective potential against 6–12 , would expand in vivo mediate viral control, potentially aborting infection. studied replication transcription...
Abstract The emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants is public health concern in case vaccine escape. Described are 3 patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection whom there evidence selection persistence novel mutations that associated increased transmissibility immune
ABSTRACT Innate immunity represents the first line of defence against viral infections, and successful pathogens like HIV-1 have evolved mechanisms to bypass these barriers. The PAF1 complex (PAF1c) has emerged as a key regulator antiviral innate immune responses, inhibiting replication various viruses, including HIV-1. While its role in transcription regulation is well documented, little known about how PAF1c inhibits circumvents this activity. Here we demonstrate that Vpr induces rapid...
In this population-based cohort of 7538 adults, combined immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, and IgM (IgG/A/M) anti-spike titers measured after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination were predictive protection against breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. Discrimination was significantly improved by adjustment for factors influencing risk exposure, including household overcrowding, public transport use, visits to indoor places. Anti-spike IgG/A/M showed positive...
T cell responses precede antibody and may provide early control of infection. We analyzed the clonal basis this rapid response following SARS-COV-2 applied receptor (TCR) sequencing to define trajectories individual clones immediately. In PCR+ individuals, a wave TCRs strongly but transiently expand, frequently peaking same week as first positive PCR test. These expanding TCR CDR3s were enriched for sequences functionally annotated specific. Epitopes recognized by highly conserved between...
BackgroundMethotrexate is the first-line treatment for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and reduces vaccine-induced immunity. We evaluated if a 2-week interruption of methotrexate immediately after COVID-19 booster vaccination improved antibody response against S1 receptor binding domain (S1-RBD) SARS-CoV-2 spike protein live neutralisation compared with uninterrupted in patients diseases.MethodWe did multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised, superiority trial secondary-care...
<ns3:p><ns3:bold>Background</ns3:bold>: Most biomedical research has focused on sampling COVID-19 patients presenting to hospital with advanced disease, less focus the asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic. We established a bioresource serial of health care workers (HCWs) designed obtain samples before and during mainly mild follow-up evaluate quality duration immune memory.</ns3:p><ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Methods</ns3:bold>: conducted prospective study HCWs from three sites in London, initially at...
Abstract Vaccine development targeting SARS-CoV-2 in 2020 was of critical importance reducing COVID-19 severity and mortality. In the U.K. during initial roll-out most individuals either received two doses Pfizer vaccine (BNT162b2) or adenovirus-based from Oxford/AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-nCoV-19). There are conflicting data as to impact age, sex body habitus on cellular humoral responses vaccination, studies this area have focused determinants mRNA immunogenicity. Here, we studied a cohort...
<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background</ns4:bold>: Most biomedical research has focused on sampling COVID-19 patients presenting to hospital with advanced disease, less focus the asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic. We established a bioresource serial of health care workers (HCWs) designed obtain samples before and during mainly mild follow-up evaluate quality duration immune memory.</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods</ns4:bold>: conducted prospective observational study HCWs from three sites in London,...
For at least 30 years, it has been known that HIV-1 Vpr, a protein carried in the virion, is important for efficient infection of primary macrophages. Vpr also determinant pathogenic effects vivo . A number cellular proteins interact with have identified. So far, not possible to associate these altered viral replication macrophages or explain why virus particle. Here, we show mitigates antiviral REAF, highly expressed and one inhibits during reverse transcription. REAF degraded by within min...