A5016704551- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Birth, Development, and Health
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Frailty in Older Adults
- Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- RNA regulation and disease
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Healthcare cost, quality, practices
MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing
2019-2025
University College London
2007-2025
Augusta University Health
2025
Augusta University
2023-2024
Karolinska Institutet
2016-2023
University College Lahore
2022
National Institute on Aging
2021
National Institutes of Health
2021
Queen Mary University of London
1984-2021
Neurosciences Institute
2021
Abstract The frequency of, and risk factors for, long COVID are unclear among community-based individuals with a history of COVID-19. To elucidate the burden possible causes in community, we coordinated analyses survey data from 6907 self-reported COVID-19 10 UK longitudinal study (LS) samples 1.1 million diagnostic codes electronic healthcare records (EHR) collected by spring 2021. Proportions presumed cases LS reporting any symptoms for 12+ weeks ranged 7.8% 17% (with 1.2 to 4.8%...
Abstract Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome and strongly associated with disability, mortality hospitalization. commonly measured using the frailty index (FI), based on accumulation of number health deficits during life course. The mechanisms underlying FI are multifactorial not well understood, but genetic basis has been suggested heritability estimates between 30 45%. Understanding determinants biological underpinning may help to delay or even prevent frailty. We performed genome‐wide...
Frailty indices (FIs) measure variation in health between aging individuals. Researching FIs resources with large-scale genetic and phenotypic data will provide insights into the causes consequences of frailty. Thus, we aimed to develop an FI using UK Biobank data, a cohort study 500,000 middle-aged older adults.An was calculated 49 self-reported questionnaire items on traits covering health, presence diseases disabilities, mental well-being, according standard protocol. We used multiple...
Abstract Background The impact of long COVID is considerable, but risk factors are poorly characterised. We analysed symptom duration and factor from 10 longitudinal study (LS) samples electronic healthcare records (EHR). Methods Samples: 6907 adults self-reporting COVID-19 infection 48,901 participants in the UK LS, 3,327 with COVID-19, were assigned a code 1,199,812 individuals primary care EHR. Outcomes for LS included lasting 4+ weeks (long COVID) 12+ weeks. Association age, sex,...
BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 serology is used to identify prior infection at individual and population level. Extended longitudinal studies with multi-timepoint sampling evaluate dynamic changes in antibody levels are required the time horizon which these applications of valid, explore longevity protective humoral immunity.MethodsHealthcare workers were recruited a prospective cohort study from first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic peak London, undergoing weekly symptom screen, viral PCR blood over 16–21 weeks....
Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has no proven causal and modifiable risk factors, or effective interventions. We report a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) of genetic liability for AD in 334,968 participants the UK Biobank study, stratified by age. also examined effects on previously implicated factors. replicated these analyses HUNT study. PheWAS hits factors were followed up Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to identify effect each factor risk. A higher was associated with...
Multiple studies across global populations have established the primary symptoms characterising Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and long COVID. However, as may also occur in absence of COVID-19, a lack appropriate controls has often meant that specificity to acute COVID-19 or COVID, extent length time for which they are elevated after could not be examined. We analysed individual symptom prevalences characterised patterns COVID nine UK longitudinal studies, totalling over 42,000...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody levels can be used to assess humoral immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, and may predict risk of future infection. Higher anti-Spike antibodies are known associated with increased protection against However, variation in factors for lower each round vaccination have not been explored across a wide range socio-demographic, health within population-based cohorts.
Nine out of thirty-four patients with linear IgA disease (LAD) had oral ulceration. Four seven these who were examined by an ophthalmologist changes a cicatrising conjunctivitis indistinguishable from those benign mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP). Three gave no history ocular symptoms up to the time examination. These findings indicate need for and ophthalmological assessment in all LAD. Twenty-seven diagnosis BMMP also studied. presented alone, nine symptoms, two cutaneous lesions additon...
A high proportion of women start pregnancy overweight or obese. According to the developmental overnutrition hypothesis, this could lead offspring have metabolic disruption throughout their lives and thus perpetuate obesity epidemic across generations. Concerns about hypothesis are influencing antenatal care. However, it is unknown whether maternal adiposity associated with long-term risk adverse profiles in offspring, if so, association causal, via intrauterine mechanisms, explained by...
SummaryThese experiments demonstrate the dependency of cuprozinc superoxide dismutase activity in red cells and liver on an adequate dietary intake copper. The decreased to 15% control values and, therefore, these may be used as a convenient model for studying physiologic consequences free radicals.The authors are grateful technical assistance Mr. George Trappett, Dale Chlarson, Ms. Jacqueline E. Thomas, Mrs. Alice W. Tustison.
Background Increasing evidence suggests a role for mineral metabolism in cardiovascular disease risk. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium may be directly associated with risk factors or mediated by each other. Methodology/Principal Findings We combined data adult participants three cycles of the National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2, 2003–4, 2005–6), representative sample civilian, non-institutionalized US population (N = 3,958). Using this we...
<h3>Objective</h3> To examine independent associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium with a range cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents. <h3>Design</h3> Cross-sectional population-based study. <h3>Setting</h3> A nationally representative sample the US adolescent population. <h3>Participants</h3> Healthy adolescents (aged 12–19) participating National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2001 2006. Numbers varied 740 5609...
Studies in adults have reported associations of low circulating total 25-hydroxyvitamin D with increased cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Evidence children, however, is limited, it unknown whether factors differ for each analog [25-hydroxyvitamin D(2) (25[OH]D(2)) (25[OH]D(3))].
Higher circulating antioxidant concentrations are associated with a lower risk of late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) in observational studies, suggesting that diet-sourced antioxidants may be modifiable targets for reducing risk. However, evidence is prone to substantial biases limit causal inference, including residual confounding and reverse causation.
Abstract Late onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia with more than 35 million people affected worldwide, and no curative treatment available. AD highly heritable recent genome-wide meta-analyses have identified over 20 genomic loci associated AD, yet only explaining a small proportion genetic variance indicating that undiscovered exist. Here, we performed largest association study clinically diagnosed AD-by-proxy (71,880 cases, 383,378 controls). status based on...
<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the effects of long-term tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibition on risk and age at onset Parkinson disease (PD), we performed a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics. <h3>Methods</h3> Genetic variants in vicinity <i>TNFRSF1A</i>, gene encoding TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), were identified as predictive pharmacologic blockade TNFR1 signaling by anti-TNF therapy, based genetic associations with lower...
Genetic influences on body mass index (BMI) appear to markedly differ across life, yet existing research is equivocal and limited by a paucity of life course data. We thus used birth cohort study investigate differences in association explained variance polygenic risk for high BMI infancy old age (2–69 years). A secondary aim was how the between key purported environmental determinant (childhood socioeconomic position) differed whether this operated independently and/or multiplicatively...
Abstract Advanced age represents one of the major risk factors for Parkinson’s Disease. Recent biomedical studies posit a role microRNAs, also known to be remodelled during ageing. However, relationship between microRNA remodelling and ageing in Disease, has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, aim present study is unravel relevance microRNAs as biomarkers Disease within framework. We employed Next Generation Sequencing profile serum from samples informative (recently diagnosed, drug-naïve)...
Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the neurological disorder showing greatest rise in prevalence from 1990 to 2016. Despite clinical definition criteria and a tremendous effort develop objective biomarkers, precise diagnosis of PD still unavailable at early stage. In recent years, an increasing number studies have used omic methods unveil molecular basis PD, providing detailed characterization potentially pathological alterations various biological specimens. Metabolomics could provide...