The effects of three endothelins: (i) the classical or human/porcine endothelin (ET‐1); (ii) [Trp 6 , Leu 7 ] (ET‐2) and (iii) [Thr 2 Phe 4 Thr 5 Tyr Lys 14 rat (ET‐3) were tested on human isolated bronchus. ET‐1 produced a concentration‐dependent contraction bronchus that proceeded in two different steps. first step was observed at very low concentrations (pD = 11.01 ± 0.17, n 10) but corresponded to intrinsic activity (E max 15.6 1.8% E induced by acetylcholine (ACh) 3 × 10 −3 m 10). This...

In community-acquired pneumonia host inflammatory response against the causative microorganism is necessary for infection resolution. However an excessive can have deleterious effects. addition to antimicrobial effects, macrolide antibiotics are known possess immunomodulatory properties. We aimed evaluate cytokine profiles – both locally (bronchoalveolar lavage) and systemically (blood) in admitted patients after at least 72 hours of antibiotic treatment (with without containing regimens)...

BACKGROUND: During lobectomy in patients with lung cancer, the operated is often collapsed and hypoperfused. Ischemia/reperfusion injury may then occur when re-expanded. We hypothesized that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) would decrease oxidative damage improve gas exchange postoperative period. METHODS: conducted a single-center, randomized, double-blind trial nonsmall cell cancer undergoing elective lobectomy. Fifty-three were randomized to receive limb RIPC immediately after...

1. Cysteinyl-leukotrienes cause contractions and/or relaxations of human isolated pulmonary vascular preparations. Although, the localization and nature receptors through which these effects are mediated have not been fully characterized, some indirect via well-described LT1 receptor. 2. In veins (HPV) with an intact endothelium, leukotriene D4 (LTD4) induced contraction above basal tone. This response was observed at lower concentrations LTD4 in presence nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N...

The muscarinic functional antagonism of isoproterenol relaxation and the contribution M 2 receptors were examined in human isolated bronchus. In intact tissues, acetylcholine (ACh) precontraction decreased potency maximal (−log EC 50 shift = −1.49 ± 0.16 E max inhibition for 100 μM ACh 30%) more than same levels histamine contraction. receptor-selective antagonist methoctramine (1 μM) reduced this ACh- but not histamine-contracted tissues. Similar results obtained forskolin-induced...

Neutrophil activation state and its relationship with an inflammatory environment in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remain insufficiently elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the neutrophil apoptosis cytokine pattern CAP patients after 72 h of treatment, their impact on infection resolution. Apoptosis blood bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophils was measured nonresponding (NCAP), responding (blood only) without (control). Pro-inflammatory (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8) anti-inflammatory...

During lung lobectomy, the operated is collapsed and hypoperfused; oxygen deprivation accompanied by reactive hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. After ischaemia present in state followed expansion–reperfusion injury attributed to production of species. The primary objective this study was investigate time course several markers oxidative stress simultaneously exhaled breath condensate blood determine relationship between one-lung ventilation patients undergoing lobectomy. This...

Mechanical ventilation (MV) can induce or worsen pulmonary oedema. Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate the selective and rapid bi-directional movement of water. Their role in development resolution oedema is controversial. Our objectives are to determine if prolonged MV causes lung changes expression AQP 1 5 rats.25 male Wistar rats were subjected with a tidal volume 10 ml/kg, during 2 hours (n = 12) 4 13). Degree was compared group non-ventilated 5). The determined by western immunoblotting,...

New Findings What is the central question of this study? Although different studies have attempted to find factors that influence expression aquaporins (AQPs) in lung situations, date no research group has explored AQP1 and AQP5 jointly rats mechanically ventilated with tidal volumes a model ventilator‐induced injury. main finding? Mechanical ventilation high volume causes injury oedema, increasing permeability. In volume, pulmonary decreases. We analysed 1 5 its relation Forty‐two were...

In guinea‐pig isolated taenia caeci and trachealis bathed in a K + ‐rich, Ca 2+ ‐free medium, CaCl 2 (0.01–10 m ) produced concentration‐dependent contraction. Zn (0.01–1 ), Cd verapamil (0.01–100 μ trifluoperazine (1–100 were effective antagonists of ‐induced responses. concentrations from 0.01 to 1 without effect on the tone trachea normal Tris solution. Conversely, , caused contraction these tissues medium. (1 )‐induced contractions completely inhibited by (10 ). skinned their plasma...

The responsiveness of tracheal and lung parenchymal strips isolated from actively sensitized guinea-pigs to CaCl2 (in K+-depolarized tissue), KCl, acetylcholine histamine was compared with that unsensitized animals. concentration-response curves the mentioned agonists exhibited, in group, a left upward displacement (greater maximal effect, lesser effective concentration 50% steeper slope) those obtained group. These results indicate existence non-specific increase airway smooth muscle

Abstract Background Hypertonicity of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) appears to be involved in pathogenesis fissure. The relaxant effects sildenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, on isolated human IAS were investigated. Methods efficacy (maximal effect, Emax) and potency (−log IC50, where IC50 is half-maximal inhibitory concentration) PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil zaprinast, nitric oxide donors, sodium nitroprusside glyceryl trinitrate, as relaxants histamine (0·1...

1 . Human isolated bronchi have been investigated as fresh tissue or after storage (7 and 30 days) at — 196°C in foetal calf serum containing 1.8 M dimethyl sulphoxide. 2 After cryopreservation, the maximal contractile response to acetylcholine (3 μm) was reduced (∼25%) but difference did not reach significance statistically. Maximal responses other spasmogens tested (histamine, [Nle10]NKA(4–10), bradykinin, leukotriene D4, U46619, KC1) differ between unfrozen frozen/thawed tissues. The...

Abstract Zinc sulphate (50 mg kg−1 p.o.) did not modify basal gastric mucosal blood flow, as measured by [3H]aniline clearance, but inhibited its reduction noradrenaline (3.5 μg min-1). also influenced emptying of phenol red effects depended upon the dose; 30 caused no variation whereas 80 induced a significant delay. The nature both actions is discussed and their implications in development prevention ulceration have been analysed.

Five beta‐adrenoceptor blockers, propranolol, acebutolol, diacebutolol, atenolol and bisoprolol, were tested for their antagonistic effect against isoprenaline on human isolated bronchi. The results showed (1) that only propranolol exerted a competitive (pA2 = 9.40 +/− 0.22, n 7) whereas the other drugs did not, (2) that, in presence of blockers plasma concentrations reported after single usual therapeutic dose, doses giving same bronchodilator must be multiplied by 32.6, 5.51, 4.63, 2.82...

INTRODUCCIÓN. “Aprender a aprender” (LTL) es una competencia clave propuesta por la Comisión Europea para los sistemas educativos de países miembros (CE, 2005, 2018). Hasta fecha, académicos aún no han llegado un acuerdo sobre aprender aprender, cara establecer el modelo teórico requerido incorporar esta en planes estudio. Nuestro equipo investigación se planteó como objetivo diseñar y validar integral usarlo referencia intervención educativa. Este consta cinco dimensiones: cognitiva,...

Summary As part of an iron absorption study, we needed to accurately count reticulocytes in the peripheral blood healthy human volunteers before measuring their enrichment with stable isotopes given oral dose. Recent studies have suggested usefulness reticulocyte counting by flow cytometry, through a combination differential light scatter and measurement stoichiometric binding thiazole orange (TO) RNA within maturing erythrocyte. Using this method set out improve precision our quantitative...

La reacción de hipersensibilidad a abacavir (un potente inhibidor la transcriptasa inversa) es un efecto adverso importante que limita su uso en terapia antirretroviral y precisa elevado grado vigilancia clínica. Determinados haplotipos las proteínas del complejo principal histocompatibilidad (HLA-B*5701) predicen, forma muy significativa, el riesgo este fármaco. El objetivo estudio identificar los casos que, después desarrollar una probable abacavir, presentaban alelo HLA-B*5701. Se ha...