A5016669171- Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
- Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Ethics in Business and Education
- Ethics in Clinical Research
- Ethics in medical practice
- Academic integrity and plagiarism
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
- AI in Service Interactions
- Biomedical Ethics and Regulation
- Innovation, Technology, and Society
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Treatment of Major Depression
- Animal Genetics and Reproduction
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
- Medical and Health Sciences Research
Illinois Institute of Technology
2015-2024
L3S Research Center
2023
Leibniz University Hannover
2023
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
2009-2015
University of Tübingen
2008
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
2002
Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess for the first time prevalence and factors associated with stimulant use exclusively cognitive enhancement among pupils university students in Germany.
OPINION article Front. Psychol., 02 July 2019Sec. Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology Volume 10 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01535
Pharmacological cognitive enhancement (CE) is a topic of increasing public awareness. In the scientific literature on student use CE as study aid for academic performance enhancement, there are high prevalence rates regarding caffeinated substances (coffee, drinks, caffeine tablets) but remarkably lower illicit/prescription stimulants such amphetamines or methylphenidate. While considers reasons and mechanisms these different from theoretical standpoint, it lacks empirical data to account...
Academic performance enhancement or cognitive (CE) via stimulant drug use has received increasing attention. The question remains, however, whether CE solely represents the of drugs for achieving better academic workplace results also serves various other purposes. aim this study was to put phenomenon pharmacological prescription and illicit (psycho-) (Amphetamines, Methylphenidate) among university students into a broader context. Specifically, we wanted further understand students'...
In bioethics, the first decade of twenty-first century was characterized by emergence interest in ethical, legal, and social aspects neuroscience research. At same time an ongoing extension topics phenomena addressed neuroscientists observed alongside its rise as one leading disciplines biomedical science. One these moral psychologists neural processes involved decision-making. Today both strands research are often under label neuroethics. To understand this development we recalled...
This paper documents how an ethically aligned co-design methodology ensures trustworthiness in the early design phase of artificial intelligence (AI) system component for healthcare. The explains decisions made by deep learning networks analyzing images skin lesions. trustworthy AI developed here used a holistic approach rather than static ethical checklist and required multidisciplinary team experts working with designers their managers. Ethical, legal, technical issues potentially arising...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to greatly improve delivery of healthcare and other services that advance population health wellbeing. However, use AI in also brings risks may cause unintended harm. To guide future developments AI, High-Level Expert Group on set up by European Commission (EC), recently published ethics guidelines for what it terms “trustworthy” AI. These are aimed at a variety stakeholders, especially guiding practitioners toward more ethical robust...
This article's main contributions are twofold: 1) to demonstrate how apply the general European Union's High-Level Expert Group's (EU HLEG) guidelines for trustworthy AI in practice domain of healthcare and 2) investigate research question what does "trustworthy AI" mean at time COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we present results a post-hoc self-assessment evaluate trustworthiness an system predicting multiregional score conveying degree lung compromise patients, developed verified by...
Can machines be conscious and what would the ethical implications? This article gives an overview of current robotics approaches toward machine consciousness considers factors that hamper understanding consciousness. After addressing epistemological question how we know whether a is discussing potential advantages future consciousness, it outlines role for ascribing moral status. As most probably differ considerably from human several complex questions must addressed, including forms morally...
This article reflects on explainability in the context of medical artificial intelligence (AI) applications, focusing AI-based clinical decision support systems (CDSS). After introducing concept AI and providing a short overview (CDSSs) role CDSSs, four use cases CDSSs will be presented. The examples were chosen to highlight different types as well explanations: machine language (ML) tool that lacks explainability; an approach with post hoc explanations; hybrid model provides knowledge-based...
OPINION article Front. Neurosci., 05 November 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.01177
Abstract Building artificial intelligence (AI) systems that adhere to ethical standards is a complex problem. Even though multitude of guidelines for the design and development such trustworthy AI exist, these focus on high-level abstract requirements systems, it often very difficult assess if specific system fulfills requirements. The Z-Inspection® process provides holistic dynamic framework evaluate trustworthiness at different stages lifecycle, including intended use, design, development....
The use of stimulants for the purpose pharmacological neuroenhancement (NE) among students is a subject increasing public awareness. risk addiction development by stimulant NE still unanswered. Therefore, face-to-face interviews were carried out 18 university experienced in nonmedical methylphenidate and amphetamines assessing aspects addiction. Interviews tape-recorded, verbatim-transcribed, analyzed using qualitative approach. showed that participants—the majority had current or lifetime...
OPINION article Front. Genet., 09 May 2016Sec. ELSI in Science and Genetics Volume 7 - 2016 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2016.00081
For several years now, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in which brain signals are used to navigate a computer, prostheses or technical device, have been developed various experimental contexts (Wolpaw & Wolpaw 2012; Grübler Hildt 2014). Researchers recently taken the next step and run experiments based on connections between two brains. These so-called brain-to-brain (abbreviation: BBIs BTBIs) involve not only BCI component deriving information from sending it but also computer-brain...
Neuroenhancement involves the use of neurotechnologies to improve cognitive, affective or behavioural functioning, where these are not judged be clinically impaired. Questions about enhancement have become one key topics neuroethics over past decade. The current study draws on in-depth public engagement activities in ten European countries giving a bottom-up perspective ethics and desirability enhancement. This informed design an online contrastive vignette experiment that was administered...
Little is known regarding characteristics of subjects using substances exclusively for the purpose pharmacological neuroenhancement (PN). Aim this pilot study was to characterize students in Germany who use methylphenidate (MPH) and/or amphetamines (AMPH) PN.Semi-structured interviews among 20 reported MPH/AMPH PN and matched controls.Subjects stimulants had significant better knowledge about further illicit than controls. Users AMPH more frequently used MPH users. Regarding prescription no...