A5011638733- Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques
- Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Nuclear physics research studies
- High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
- Medical Image Segmentation Techniques
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications
- Radiation Effects in Electronics
- Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Boron Compounds in Chemistry
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- AI in cancer detection
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud
2011-2025
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
2016-2025
Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology
2016-2025
National Research Council
2016-2025
National Research Council
2024
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
2012-2023
University of Palermo
2023
University of Catania
2011-2022
Eni (Italy)
2022
Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
2022
Geant4 is a software toolkit for the simulation of passage particles through matter. It used by large number experiments and projects in variety application domains, including high energy physics, astrophysics space science, medical physics radiation protection. Its functionality modeling capabilities continue to be extended, while its performance enhanced. An overview recent developments diverse areas presented. These include optimization complex setups; improvements propagation fields; new...
Geant4 is a software toolkit for the simulation of passage particles through matter. It used by large number experiments and projects in variety application domains, including high energy physics, astrophysics space science, medical physics radiation protection. Over past several years, major changes have been made to order accommodate needs these user communities, efficiently exploit growth computing power available advances technology. The adaptation multithreading, detector modeling...
An overview of the electromagnetic (EM) physics Geant4 toolkit is presented.Two sets EM models are available: "Standard" initially focused on high energy (HEP) while "Low-energy" was developed for medical, space and other applications.The provide a faster computation but less accurate keV energies, more CPU time consuming.A common interface to has been allowing natural combination ultra-relativistic, relativistic low-energy same run providing both precision performance.Due this migration...
Abstract Protontherapy is hadrontherapy’s fastest-growing modality and a pillar in the battle against cancer. Hadrontherapy’s superiority lies its inverted depth-dose profile, hence tumour-confined irradiation. Protons, however, lack distinct radiobiological advantages over photons or electrons. Higher LET (Linear Energy Transfer) 12 C-ions can overcome cancer radioresistance: DNA lesion complexity increases with LET, resulting efficient cell killing, i.e. higher Relative Biological...
Objective Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumour formation and spreading, their targeting is required eradication. There limited therapeutic options advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly tumours carrying RAS-activating mutations. The aim of this study was to identify novel CSC-targeting strategies. Design To discover potential therapeutics be clinically investigated as single agent, we performed a screening with panel FDA-approved or investigational drugs on primary CRC...
Abstract In breast cancer (BC) care, radiotherapy is considered an efficient treatment, prescribed both for controlling localized tumors or as a therapeutic option in case of inoperable, incompletely resected recurrent tumors. However, approximately 90% BC-related deaths are due to the metastatic tumor progression. Then, it strongly desirable improve radiosensitivity using molecules with synergistic action. The main aim this study develop curcumin-loaded solid nanoparticles (Cur-SLN) order...
To develop and validate a radiomic model, with features extracted from breast Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) 1.5T scanner, for predicting the malignancy of masses enhancement. Images were acquired using an 8-channel coil in axial plane. The rationale behind this study is to show feasibility radiomics-powered model that could be integrated into clinical practice by exploiting only standard-of-care DCE-MRI goal reducing required image pre-processing (ie,...
Radiomics holds great promise in the field of cancer management. However, clinical application radiomics has been hampered by uncertainty about robustness features extracted from images. Previous studies have reported that are sensitive to changes voxel size resampling and interpolation, image perturbation, or slice thickness. This study aims observe variability positron emission tomography (PET) under impact co-registration with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using difference percentage...
Protontherapy is a rapidly expanding radiotherapy modality where accelerated proton beams are used to precisely deliver the dose tumor target but generally considered ineffective against radioresistant tumors. Proton-Boron Capture Therapy (PBCT) novel approach aimed at enhancing biological effectiveness. PBCT exploits nuclear fusion reaction between low-energy protons and 11 B atoms, i.e. p+ B→ 3α (p-B), which supposed produce highly-DNA damaging α-particles exclusively across...
Radiomics aims to support clinical decisions through its workflow, which is divided into: (i) target identification and segmentation, (ii) feature extraction, (iii) selection, (iv) model fitting. Many radiomics tools were developed fulfill the steps mentioned above. However, date, users must switch different software complete workflow. To address this issue, we a new free user-friendly framework, namely matRadiomics, allows user: import inspect biomedical images, identify segment target,...
The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness radiomics in absence well-defined standard guidelines. Specifically, we extracted features from multicenter computed tomography (CT) images differentiate between four histopathological subtypes non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). In addition, results that varied with model were compared. We investigated presence batch effects and impact feature harmonization on models’ performance. Moreover, question how training dataset composition...
Abstract Despite aggressive therapeutic regimens, glioblastoma (GBM) represents a deadly brain tumor with significant aggressiveness, radioresistance and chemoresistance, leading to dismal prognosis. Hypoxic microenvironment, which characterizes GBM, is associated reduced effectiveness. Moreover, current irradiation approaches are limited by uncertain delineation severe side effects that comprehensively lead unsuccessful treatment worsening of the quality life GBM patients. Proton beam...
The hypoxic pattern of glioblastoma (GBM) is known to be a primary cause radioresistance. Our study explored the possibility using gene knockdown key factors involved in molecular response hypoxia, overcome GBM We used U87 cell line subjected chemical hypoxia generated by CoCl2 and exposed 2 Gy X-rays, as single or combined treatments, evaluated expression changes biomarkers Warburg effect, cycle control, survival identify best targets knocked-down, among those directly activated HIF-1α...
Prostate imaging analysis is difficult in diagnosis, therapy, and staging of prostate cancer. In clinical practice, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) increasingly used thanks to its morphologic functional capabilities. However, manual detection delineation gland on multispectral MRI data currently a time-expensive operator-dependent procedure. Efficient computer-assisted segmentation approaches are not yet able address these issues, but rather have the potential do so. this paper, novel...
We present deeply virtual ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ electroproduction cross-section measurements at ${x}_{B}=0.36$ and three different ${Q}^{2}$ values ranging from 1.5 to $2\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{Ge}\mathrm{V}}^{2}$, obtained Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E07-007. The Rosenbluth technique is used separate the longitudinal transverse responses. Results demonstrate that cross section dominated by its component and, thus, far asymptotic limit predicted perturbative quantum chromodynamics....
Abstract Stereotactic neuro‐radiosurgery is a well‐established therapy for intracranial diseases, especially brain metastases and highly invasive cancers that are difficult to treat with conventional surgery or radiotherapy. Nowadays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the most used modality in radiation soft‐tissue anatomical districts, allowing an accurate gross tumor volume (GTV) segmentation. Investigating also necrotic material within whole has significant clinical value treatment...