A5013622913- Spaceflight effects on biology
- High Altitude and Hypoxia
- Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Space Exploration and Technology
- Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Skin and Cellular Biology Research
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
- Biochemical effects in animals
- Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
- Retinal Development and Disorders
- Renal function and acid-base balance
- Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
2015-2025
University of Tsukuba
2021
Abstract Missions into Deep Space are planned this decade. Yet the health consequences of exposure to microgravity and galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) over years-long missions on indispensable visceral organs such as kidney largely unexplored. We performed biomolecular (epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, epiproteomic, metabolomic, metagenomic), clinical chemistry (electrolytes, endocrinology, biochemistry) morphometry (histology, 3D imaging, miRNA-ISH, tissue weights) analyses using...
Abstract This Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency project focused on elucidating the impacts of partial gravity (partial g ) and microgravity (μ mice using newly developed mouse habitat cage units (HCU) that can be installed in Centrifuge-equipped Biological Experiment Facility International Space Station. In first mission, 12 C57BL/6 J male were housed under μ or artificial earth-gravity (1 ). Mouse activity was monitored daily via downlinked videos; floated inside HCU, whereas 1 their feet...
Abstract Spaceflight is known to induce severe systemic bone loss and muscle atrophy of astronauts due the circumstances microgravity. We examined influence artificially produced 2G hypergravity on mice for mass with newly developed centrifuge device. also analyzed effects microgravity (mostly 0G) artificial 1G in ISS (international space station) mouse mass. Experiment ground, humerus, femur tibia was measured using micro-computed tomography (μCT), all significantly increased compared...
Astronauts are reported to have experienced some impairment in visual acuity during their mission on the International Space Station (ISS) and after they returned Earth. There is emerging evidence that changes vision may involve alterations ocular structure function. To investigate possible mechanisms, protein expression profiles oxidative stress-associated apoptosis were examined mouse tissue spaceflight. Nine-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (n = 12) launched from Kennedy Center a SpaceX rocket...
Abstract Spaceflight causes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength. We set two murine experimental groups orbit for 35 days aboard the International Space Station, under artificial earth-gravity (artificial 1 g ; AG) microgravity (μ MG), to investigate whether exposure prevents atrophy at molecular level. Our main findings indicated that AG onboard environment prevented changes soleus not only fiber type composition but also alteration of gene expression profiles. In particular,...
Abstract Space flight produces an extreme environment with unique stressors, but little is known about how our body responds to these stresses. While there are many intractable limitations for in-flight space research, some can be overcome by utilizing gene knockout-disease model mice. Here, we report deletion of Nrf2, a master regulator stress defense pathways, affects the health mice transported stay in International Station (ISS). After 31 days ISS, all returned safely Earth....
Myofibers are broadly characterized as fatigue-resistant slow-twitch (type I) fibers and rapidly fatiguing fast-twitch IIa/IIx/IIb) fibers. However, the molecular regulation of myofiber type is not entirely understood; particularly, information on regulators muscle scarce. Here, we demonstrate that large Maf transcription factor family dictates fast IIb specification in mice. Remarkably, ablation three Mafs leads to drastic loss myofibers, resulting enhanced endurance capacity reduction...
Abstract A detailed understanding of how spaceflight affects human health is essential for long-term space exploration. Liquid biopsies allow minimally-invasive multi-omics assessments that can resolve the molecular heterogeneity internal tissues. Here, we report initial results from JAXA Cell-Free Epigenome Study, a liquid biopsy study with six astronauts who resided on International Space Station (ISS) more than 120 days. Analysis plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) collected before, during, and...
<title>Abstract</title> Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is secreted from bone in response to increased phosphate influx into the blood following dietary loading. FGF23 acts on kidney increase urinary excretion by suppressing resorption at proximal tubules. Although essential for maintaining balance, increases concentration renal tubular fluid. Once exceeds solubility, calcium-phosphate microcrystals appear fluid, leading damage and nephron loss. We hypothesized that an might mobilize...
To elucidate the pure impact of microgravity on small mammals despite uncontrolled factors that exist in International Space Station, it is necessary to construct a 1 g environment space. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has developed novel mouse habitat cage unit can be installed Cell Biology Experiment Facility Kibo module Station. short-arm centrifuge produce artificial gravity space for experiments. However, gravitational gradient formed inside rearing larger when radius gyration...
Abstract The environment experienced during spaceflight may impact the immune system and thymus appears to undergo atrophy spaceflight. However, molecular aspects of this thymic remain be elucidated. In study, we analysed thymi mice on board international space station (ISS) for approximately 1 month. Thymic size was significantly reduced after Notably, exposure × g using centrifugation cages in ISS mitigated reduction size. Although caused atrophy, global structure not largely changed. RNA...
Abstract Skeletal muscle is sensitive to gravitational alterations. We recently developed a multiple artificial-gravity research system (MARS), which can generate gravity ranging from microgravity Earth (1 g ) in space. Using the MARS, we studied effects of three different levels (microgravity, lunar [1/6 ], and 1 on skeletal mass myofiber constitution mice. All mice survived returned Earth, was collected two days after landing. observed that microgravity-induced soleus atrophy prevented by...
Spaceflight-related stresses impact health via various body systems, including the haematopoietic and immune with effects ranging from moderate alterations of homoeostasis to serious illness. Oxidative stress appears be involved in these changes, transcription factor Nrf2, which regulates expression a set cytoprotective antioxidative response genes, has been implicated spaceflight-induced stresses. Here, we show through analyses mice MHU-3 project, Nrf2-knockout travelled space for 31 days,...
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency developed the mouse Habitat Cage Unit (HCU) for installation in Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF) onboard Japanese Experimental Module ("Kibo") on International Space Station. CBEF provides "space-based controls" by generating artificial gravity HCU through a centrifuge, enabling comparison of biological consequences microgravity and 1 g mice housed space. Therefore, prior to space experiment, ground-based study validate habitability is necessary...
Abstract Microgravity induces skeletal muscle atrophy, particularly in the soleus muscle, which is predominantly composed of slow-twitch myofibre (type I) and sensitive to disuse. Muscle atrophy commonly known be associated with increased production reactive oxygen species. However, role NRF2, a master regulator antioxidative response, plasticity during microgravity-induced not known. To investigate NRF2 within microgravity environment, wild-type Nrf2- knockout (KO) mice were housed...
Abstract Secondary lymphoid organs are critical for regulating acquired immune responses. The aim of this study was to characterize the impact spaceflight on secondary at molecular level. We analysed spleens and lymph nodes from mice flown aboard International Space Station (ISS) in orbit 35 days, as part a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency mission. During flight, half were exposed 1 g by centrifuging ISS, provide information regarding effect microgravity exposure during spaceflight....
Abstract Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has developed mouse habitat cage units equipped with an artificial gravity-producing centrifuge, called the Multiple Artificial-gravity Research System (MARS), that enables single housing of a under gravity (AG) in orbit. This is report on hardware evaluation. The MARS underwent improvement water leakage microgravity (MG), and was used second JAXA mission to evaluate effect AG diet biological system simultaneously. Twelve mice were divided...
Spaceflight entails various stressful environmental factors including microgravity. The effects of gravity changes have been studied extensively on skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, immune and vestibular systems, but those the nervous system are not well studied. alteration in ground-based animal experiments is one approaches taken to address this issue. Here we investigated centrifugation-induced gene expression brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serotonin receptors (5-HTRs) mouse...
As space travel becomes more accessible, it is important to understand the effects of spaceflight including microgravity, cosmic radiation, and psychological stress. However, effect on offspring has not been well studied in mammals. Here we investigated 35 days male germ cells. Male mice that had experienced exhibit alterations binding transcription factor ATF7, a regulator heterochromatin formation, promoter regions testis, as altered small RNA expression spermatozoa. Offspring...
Space travel induces stresses that contribute to health problems, as well inducing the expression of Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor-2) target genes mediate adaptive responses oxidative and other stress responses. The volume epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in mice increases during spaceflight, a change is attenuated by knockout. We conducted metabolome analyses plasma from wild-type knockout collected at pre-flight, in-flight post-flight time points, tissues clarify metabolic after...
Long-duration spaceflight creates a variety of stresses due to the unique environment, which can lead compromised functioning skeletal and immune systems. However, mechanisms by organisms respond this stress remain unclear. The present study aimed investigate impact three different gravitational loadings (microgravity, 1/6 g [lunar gravity], 1 g) on behavior, bone, thymus, spleen mice housed for 25–35 days in International Space Station. bone density reduction under microgravity was mostly...