Robert Howard
A5035637769- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- History and Developments in Astronomy
- Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Metals and Alloys
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
- nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
- X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
University College London
2024-2025
Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics
2022-2024
Allen Institute
2014-2024
Allen Institute for Brain Science
2012-2022
Carnegie Observatories
1973-2011
California Institute of Technology
1970-2011
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2011
Age UK
1998
University of Tulsa
1985-1994
Optica
1985
Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain tumor that carries a poor prognosis. The tumor's molecular and cellular landscapes are complex, their relationships to histologic features routinely used for diagnosis unclear. We present the Ivy Atlas, anatomically based transcriptional atlas of human glioblastoma aligns individual with genomic alterations gene expression patterns, thus assigning information most important morphologic hallmarks tumor. its clinical database freely accessible online data...
This article reviews the transport of atoms through crystalline solids under influence external electric fields, chemical and isotopic concentration gradients thermal gradients. The main emphasis is on statistical thermodynamic description these phenomena via theory mobile lattice imperfections - vacancies interstitial atoms. In discussing various in detail (§ 5) extensive use made non-equilibrium thermodynamics as providing a convenient general formalism. Particular attention given wherever...
view Abstract Citations (251) References (10) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Large-Scale Distribution of Solar Magnetic Fields. Bumba, V. ; Howard, Robert magnetograms covering a period years were used to study the distribution weak magnetic fields on solar surface. The semiregular pattern these background is result expansion, weakening, and stretching by differential rotation old active regions their interaction with neighboring fields,...
The random-walk technique is extended in a way that allows correlation factors to be calculated all cases where principle axes for diffusion can found. results are applicable both tracer and impurity diffusion. Explicit calculations given of the tracers by bound impurityvacancy pairs fcc metals NaCl-type ionic crystals, divacancy CsCl-type metals. Appropriate modifications "isotope effect" made case impurity-vacancy pairs.
A theory of the effect solutes on solvent self-diffusion in dilute fcc alloys is given, based model nearest-neighbor interactions between solute impurities and vacancies. The parameters are four vacancy-jump frequencies neighborhood an impurity frequency pure crystal. No assumptions made about relative magnitudes these frequencies. This distinguishes present from previous theories same model. used to deduce for each nine Ag-based sets jump-frequency ratios (and corresponding correlation...
view Abstract Citations (139) References (15) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS A Study of the Development Active Regions on Sun. Bumba, V. ; Howard, Robert The early development a large number active regions was studied. Magnetic, photospheric, and chromospheric observations from Mount Wilson were used. It found that supergranular pattern solar atmosphere plays very fundamental role in regions. New form or immediately adjacent to expanding weak...
Potential energy surfaces for the 1A′, 3A″, 1A″, and B̃1A′ states of O(3P,1D)+H2(1Σg+) reaction are computed using a first order configuration interaction (FO–CI) wave function, an extended contracted Gaussian basis set, iteration over natural orbitals (INO). As judged by well depth, vertical excitation energies, H2O(1A1) properties, appear to be in good agreement with experiment. Several features important collision dynamics, including 14.0 kcal/mole abstraction barrier on 3A″ surface,...
Summary To understand how the brain processes sensory information to guide behavior, we must know stimulus representations are transformed throughout visual cortex. Here report an open, large-scale physiological survey of neural activity in awake mouse cortex: Allen Brain Observatory Visual Coding dataset. This publicly available dataset includes cortical from nearly 60,000 neurons collected 6 areas, 4 layers, and 12 transgenic lines 221 adult mice, response a systematic set stimuli. Using...
This paper first reviews the general macroscopic and quantum mechanical formulae necessary for calculation of Faraday rotations Voigt shifts in semiconductors. The are then applied to calculate rotations, θ , semiconductors as caused by: (i) allowed direct band-to-band transitions, (ii) forbidden (iii) indirect (‘phonon-assisted’) (iv) transitions by electrons donor states. dependence contributions on frequency ω is slower than would correspond a single classical oscillator; it diverges g —...
As more people live longer, age-related neurodegenerative diseases are an increasingly important societal health issue. Treatments targeting specific pathologies such as amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not led to effective treatments, and there is increasing evidence of a disconnect between traditional pathology cognitive abilities with advancing age, indicative individual variation resilience pathology. Here, we generated comprehensive neuropathological, molecular,...
view Abstract Citations (109) References (19) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Observations of Solar Magnitic Fields. Howard, Robert The magnetograph at the 150-foot solar tower Mount Wilson Observatory was used to trace a number active and quiet regions on surface sun with an angular resolution about 10 seconds arc. It found that magnetic features exist near sunspots fields exceeding 75 gauss. Changes in features, as seen from contour maps...