Purpose.: We investigated the progressive degeneration of retinal and superior collicular functions in a mouse model sustained ocular hypertension. Methods.: Focal laser illumination injection polystyrene microbeads were used to induce chronic Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss was characterized by vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) immunohistochemistry. dysfunction also monitored full-field ERG. light responses recorded using 256-channel multielectrode array (MEA), RGC subtypes...

We seek to develop techniques for high-resolution imaging of the tree shrew retina visualizing and parameterizing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon bundles in vivo. applied visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy (vis-OCTF) temporal speckle averaging (TSA) visualize individual RGC retina. For first time, we quantified bundle width, height, cross-sectional area vis-OCT angiography (vis-OCTA) microvasculature shrews. Throughout retina, as distance from optic nerve head (ONH)...

Topographic maps are a fundamental feature of the brain's representations sensory environment as well an efficient way to organize motor control networks. Although great progress has been made in our understanding map development, very little is known about how topographic for develop and interface with maps. Here we representation eye movements superior colliculus (SC) awake mice. As stimulation sites were sampled along anterior–posterior axis, small amplitude, nasally directed...

Abstract Shank proteins, one of the principal scaffolds in postsynaptic density (PSD) glutamatergic synapses, have been associated with autism spectrum disorders and neuropsychiatric diseases. However, it is not known whether different family proteins distinct functions regulating synaptic transmission, how they differ from other scaffold this aspect. Here, we investigate role Shanks transmission at rat hippocampal SC-CA1 using lentivirus-mediated knockdown molecular replacement combined...

In the postsynaptic density of glutamatergic synapses, discs large (DLG)-membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family scaffolding proteins coordinates a multiplicity signaling pathways to maintain and regulate synaptic transmission. Postsynaptic density-93 (PSD-93) is most variable paralog in this family; it exists six different N-terminal isoforms. Probably because structural functional variability these isoforms, role PSD-93 remains controversial. To accurately characterize PSD-93,...

Glioma is one of the most common and aggressive brain tumors in humans. The molecular cellular mechanisms responsible for onset progression glioma are elusive controversial. Centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) was initially described as a highly coiled-coil that plays critical roles cell division, but recently identified being overexpressed many human cancers. function CEP55 has not previously been characterized glioma. We aim to discover effect mechanism development.qRT-PCR immunohistochemistry...

A leading cause of blindness worldwide, glaucoma is often caused by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) due to impaired aqueous humor outflow from the anterior chamber through Schlemm's canal (SC) and trabecular meshwork. Despite large clinical burden, research drug development are hindered a limited selection preclinical models that accurately recapitulate human disease. Here, we propose Angpt1 conditional knockout mice may provide one such model. Angiopoietin/TEK (ANGPT/TEK) signaling...

Rodent models, such as mice and rats, are commonly used to examine retinal ganglion cell damage in eye diseases. However, nocturnal animals, rodent structures differ from primates, imposing significant limitations studying pathology. Tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) small, diurnal paraprimates that exhibit superior visual acuity color vision compared with mice. Like humans, tree have a dense nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thick (GCL), making them valuable model for investigating optic neuropathies....

Pharmacological induction of wild-type PAX6 allele improved ocular abnormalities induced by haploinsufficiency in mice.

Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway and cell cycle play the key roles during genesis development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The cytoplasmic protein beta-catenin is a multifunctional central molecule in Wnt pathway. Cell regulated by series regulatory factors. Current researches indicated that expression cyclin D1 c-myc decreased after silencing gene HCC, but it unclear if other cyclins are affected. To determine relation, small interference RNA(siRNA) against was transfected into HCC...

Abstract Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation has been demonstrated to promote the regeneration and repair of tissues organs is a potentially effective treatment for radioactive esophageal injury. In this study, explore therapeutic effects DPSCs on acute radiation-induced injury, were cultured transplanted into rats with injuries induced by 125 I seeds in vivo. injured esophagus, PKH26-labeled co-localized PCNA, CK14, CD71, integrin α6, expression levels these four makers cells...

Purpose: To develop a practical technique for visualizing and quantifying retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon bundles in vivo. Methods: We applied visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) to image the RGC bundles, referred as vis-OCT fibergraphy, of healthy wild-type C57BL/6 mice. After imaging, retinas were flat-mounted, immunostained with anti-beta-III tubulin (Tuj1) antibody axons, imaged confocal microscopy. quantitatively compared bundle networks by vivo ex microscopy using...

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) exhibit compartmentalized organization, receiving synaptic inputs through their dendrites and transmitting visual information from the retina to brain optic nerve. Little is known about structure of RGC axon bundles extending individual somas nerve head (ONH) how they respond disease insults. We recently introduced visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy (vis-OCTF), a technique for directly visualizing analyzing mouse in vivo . In this study, we...

Abstract Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic nerve damage. Studies, including this study, support that RGCs degenerate die in type‐specific manner following the disease insult. Here we specifically examined one RGC type, intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGC), its associated functional deficits mouse model experimental glaucoma. We induced chronic ocular hypertension (OHT) laser photocoagulation then survival ipRGC subtypes. found...

We developed a new analytic tool based on visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy (vis-OCTF) to longitudinally track individual axon bundle transformation as in vivo biomarker for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage.After acute optic nerve crush injury (ONC) mice, we analyzed four parameters: lateral width, axial height, cross-sectional area, and the shape of bundles. next correlated morphological changes RGC bundles with soma loss.We showed that became wider taller at three...

We present a novel objective full-reference image quality assessment metric based on multiscale geometric analysis. The multichannel behavior of the human vision system is emulated by contourlet transform, perceptual subband decomposition. Not only contrast-masking effect but also entropy-masking considered to deal with visual masking issue. In error pooling stage, frequency sensitivity HVS investigated. Nonlinear and linear fusion schemes distortion are compared. Extensive validation...

Liver cancer is one of the most common human malignancies, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway plays a key role in its pathogenesis. To study relationship between TGF-β related protein expression many signaling pathway, markers stem cells, CK family, others, liver HepG2 cells were transfected with siRNA directed against TGF-β1 or treated exogenous TGF-β1. Then, these levels measured by Western blotting. After transfection, level was decreased, indicating that it effective. In...

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the chemotherapeutic drug of choice for treatment metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumor suppressor candidate 4 (TUSC4), also referred to as nitrogen permease regulator-like 2 (NPRL2), located at chromosome 3p21.3 and expressed in numerous normal tissues, including heart, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas. The aim present study was investigate functional mechanism by which TUSC4 affects sensitivity 5-FU determine its clinical significance CRC. results...

The nitrogen permease regulator‑like‑2 (NPRL2) gene is a candidate tumor suppressor gene, which has been identified in the 3p21.3 human chromosome region. Decreased expression levels of NPRL2 have observed colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, however, function CRC progression remains to be fully elucidated. present study investigated biological characteristics HCT116 and HT29 cell lines overexpressing exogenous NPRL2. recombinant lentiviral vectors were also constructed transfected study. Cell...

The postsynaptic density (PSD)-95-like, disk-large (DLG) membrane-associated guanylate kinase (PSD/DLG-MAGUK) family of proteins scaffold α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) complexes to the compartment and are postulated orchestrate activity-dependent modulation synaptic AMPAR functions. SAP102 is a key member this family, present from early development, before PSD-95 PSD-93, throughout life. Here we investigate role in transmission using cell-restricted...