A5081728235- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- MRI in cancer diagnosis
- DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
- Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Sleep and related disorders
University of Warwick
2022-2024
University of Utah
1995-2023
University of Bristol
2015-2022
MRC Epidemiology Unit
2016-2021
Southmead Hospital
2020
North Bristol NHS Trust
2020
UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies
2015-2018
University College Cork
2018
Center for Environmental Health
2018
Norwegian Institute of Public Health
2018
Antisocial behavior (ASB) places a large burden on perpetrators, survivors, and society. Twin studies indicate that half of the variation in this trait is genetic. Specific causal genetic variants have, however, not been identified.
Evidence on the role of cannabis as a gateway drug is inconsistent. We characterise patterns use among UK teenagers aged 13-18 years, and assess their influence problematic substance at age 21 years.We used longitudinal latent class analysis to derive trajectories from self-report measures in birth cohort. investigated (1) factors associated with membership (2) whether predicted subsequent nicotine dependence, harmful alcohol recent other illicit drugs years.5315 adolescents had three or...
It is well known that most schizophrenia patients smoke cigarettes. There are different hypotheses postulating the underlying mechanisms of this comorbidity. We used summary statistics from large meta-analyses plasma cotinine concentration (COT), Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and to examine genetic relationship between these traits. found risk scores calculated at P-value thresholds 5 × 10(-3) larger predicted FTND cigarettes smoked per day (CPD), suggesting genes...
Abstract Introduction Biological tests of drug use can be used to inform clinical and legal decisions hold potential provide evidence for epidemiological studies where self‐reported behaviour may unavailable or unreliable. We test whether hair considered as a reliable marker cannabis exposure. Methods Hair samples were collected from 136 subjects who heavy, light non‐users tested using GC‐MS/MS. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value negative calculated five cannabinoids...
High-resolution melting curve analysis is a closed-tube fluorescent technique that can be used for genotyping and heteroduplex detection after polymerase chain reaction. We applied this at the HLA-A locus suggest method as rapid, inexpensive screen between siblings prior to living-related transplantation. At any locus, there are seven general cases of shared alleles among two individuals, ranging from identical homozygous genotypes (all shared) heterozygous share no alleles. studied each...
Smoking influences body weight, but there is little evidence as to whether mass index (BMI) and dissatisfaction increase smoking initiation in adolescents.We evaluated the association between measured BMI, latent classes of (never smokers, experimenters, late onset regular early smokers) Avon Longitudinal Study Parents Children. In observational analyses we used BMI (N=3754) at age 10.5 years (N=3349). Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis, a genetic risk score 76 single nucleotide...
Background Uncertainty remains about the true extent by which alcohol consumption causes a number of health outcomes. Genetic variants, or combinations variants built into polygenic risk score (PGRS), can be used in an instrumental variable framework to assess causality between phenotype and disease outcome interest, method known as Mendelian randomisation (MR). We aimed identify genetic involved aetiology consumption, develop PGRS for alcohol. Methods Repeated measures from mothers their...
We investigate the extent of and factors associated with denial previously reported cannabis other illicit drug use, assess potential hair testing for measuring substance use in general population samples.
FTND (Fagerstrӧm test for nicotine dependence) and TTFC (time to smoke first cigarette in the morning) are common measures of dependence (ND). However, genome-wide meta-analysis these phenotypes has not been reported.
Observational studies have shown that tobacco and alcohol use co-occur, but it is not clear whether this relationship causal. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents Children (ALSPAC) UK Biobank, we used observational methods to test hypothesis smoking heaviness increases consumption. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were then causal between consumption using 55 967 smokers four European [ALSPAC, The Nord-Trøndelag Health (HUNT), Copenhagen General Population (CGPS)...
ABSTRACT Background Mendelian randomization (MR) uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to assess whether observational associations between exposures and disease reflect causal relationships. MR requires be independent of factors that confound associations. Methods Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study Parents Children, within 121 phenotypes 13,720 (from NHGRI-EBI GWAS catalog) were examined validity assumptions. Results Amongst 7,260 pairwise comparisons phenotypes, 2,188...
<b>Background:</b> Reports of differential mutagen sensitivity conferred by a defect in the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway are inconsistent their conclusions. Previous studies have investigated cells established from immortalised human colorectal tumour lines or animal models. <b>Methods:</b> We examined primary MSH2-deficient neonatal cells, bearing biallelic truncating mutation <i>MSH2</i>, for viability and chromosomal damage after exposure to DNA-damaging agents. <b>Results:</b> exhibit...
Abbreviated breast MRI (abMRI) is being introduced in screening trials and clinical practice, particularly for women with dense breasts. Upscaling abMRI provision requires the workforce of mammogram readers to learn effectively interpret abMRI. The purpose this study was examine diagnostic accuracy after a single day standardised small-group training compare performance experienced full-protocol (fpMRI) interpretation (Group 1) that those without fpMRI experience 2).
Abstract Background Abbreviated breast MRI (FAST MRI) is being introduced into clinical practice to screen women with mammographically dense breasts or a personal history of cancer. This study aimed optimise diagnostic accuracy through the adaptation interpretation-training. Methods A FAST interpretation-training programme (short presentations and guided hands-on workstation teaching) was adapted provide additional training during assessment task (interpretation an enriched dataset 125...