A5072267498- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Global Health and Surgery
- Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Statistical Methods and Inference
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare
- Machine Learning in Healthcare
MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL
2019-2024
University College London
2019-2024
Medical Research Council
2020-2024
University of Ulster
2021
Imperial College London
2016-2020
London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research
2017
University of Edinburgh
2009-2010
Summary 1. Efforts to understand the links between evolutionary and ecological dynamics hinge on our ability measure how genes influence phenotypes, fitness population dynamics. Quantitative genetics provides a range of theoretical empirical tools with which achieve this when relatedness individuals within is known. 2. A number recent studies have used type mixed‐effects model, known as animal estimate genetic component phenotypic variation using data collected in field. Here, we provide...
In polygynous species, adult mortality is generally higher in males than females, and theory predicts that this should result the evolution of faster rates senescence males. Detailed investigations sex differences patterns aging across many varied phenotypic characteristics associated with successful reproduction wild populations vertebrates are currently lacking. Here, we use longitudinal data collected from a red deer population to compare range life-history, behavioral, morphological...
Most evidence for advances in phenology of response to recent climate warming wild vertebrate populations has come from long-term studies birds. Few have either documented phenological or tested their climatic causes and demographic consequences mammal systems. Using a study red deer on the Isle Rum, Scotland, we present significant temporal trends six traits: oestrus date parturition females, antler cast date, clean rut start end males. These traits advanced by between 5 12 days across...
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are amongst the most prevalent in world. Mass drug administration (MDA) programmes have become commonly used national interventions for endemic countries to achieve elimination. This paper aims describe effect of an 8-year MDA programme on prevalence, intensity infection and co-infection STH Burundi from 2007 2014 critically appraise trajectory towards elimination country. Annual parasitological surveys (specifically, a "pilot study" 2011,...
Kato-Katz examination of stool smears is the field-standard method for detecting Schistosoma mansoni infection. However, misses many active infections, especially light intensity. Point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) an alternative field diagnostic that more sensitive than when intensity low, but interpretation CCA-trace results unclear. To evaluate trace results, we tested urine and specimens from 398 pupils eight schools in Burundi using four approaches: two a laboratory...
Objective To determine trends in incidence, etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of blood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture confirmed infections hospitalized infants a large tertiary neonatal unit South Africa. Methods Single-center, retrospective review laboratory records bacteria fungi, their profiles, isolated from CSF the at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, Africa, 1 st January 2010 to 31 December 2019. Laboratory data on isolates susceptibilities were...
1. In species inhabiting a seasonal environment, timing of birth may be highly correlated with fitness. However, we know little about the relative effects conception date and gestation length in determining wild mammalian populations. 2. Here, tested for variation using long-term data from ungulate population (red deer, observations running 1971 to 2007). High March temperatures during were associated shorter average (a decrease 0·77 days every degree warmer), but found no significant...
Following implementation of the national control program, a reassessment Schistosoma mansoni prevalence was conducted in Burundi to determine feasibility moving toward elimination. A countrywide cluster-randomized cross-sectional study performed May 2014. At least 25 schools were sampled from each five eco-epidemiological risk zones for schistosomiasis. Fifty randomly selected children 13–14 years age per school included single urine-circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) rapid test and, subset...
Background In Mozambique, schistosomiasis is highly endemic across the whole country. The Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation (SCORE) coordinates a five-year study that has been implemented in various African countries, including Mozambique. overall goal of SCORE was to better understand how best apply preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel (PZQ) control by evaluating impact alternative treatment approaches. Methods This cluster-randomised trial compared...
The cornerstone of current schistosomiasis control programmes is delivery praziquantel to at-risk populations. Such preventive chemotherapy requires accurate information on the geographic distribution infection, yet performance alternative survey designs for estimating prevalence and converting this into treatment decisions has not been thoroughly evaluated.We used baseline mapping surveys from three countries (Malawi, Côte d'Ivoire Liberia) generate spatially realistic gold standard...
Simulations are an essential tool for investigating scenarios in pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics. The models used during simulation often include the effect of highly correlated covariates such as weight, height and sex, children also age, which complicates construction silico population. For this reason, a suitable representative patient population is crucial simulations to produce meaningful results. paediatric patients, international growth charts from World Health Organization (WHO)...
Introduction Multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative infections, particularly due to carbapenem resistant organisms (CRO), have increased globally. Few studies reported on the burden of CRO in neonates from low-middle income countries (LMIC). This study aimed determine incidence and mortality rates culture-confirmed with a special focus neonatal unit LMIC. Materials Methods Positive bacterial cultures sterile sites infants admitted 1 st January 2018 31 December 2019, were reviewed...
Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a global cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and invasive disease in children. The CAP-IT trial (grant No. 13/88/11; https://www.capitstudy.org.uk/ ) collected nasopharyngeal swabs from children discharged hospitals with clinically diagnosed CAP, found no differences pneumococci susceptibility between higher lower antibiotic doses shorter longer durations oral amoxicillin treatment. Here, we studied in-depth the genomic epidemiology...
The field standard for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection is Kato-Katz (KK), although it misses many active infections, especially light infections. In 2014, a reassessment S. prevalence was conducted in Rwanda using more sensitive point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) rapid assay. A total 19,371 children from 399 schools were selected testing single urine CCA. Of these, 8,697 175 also tested with stool double-slide KK. Samples eight these again CCA and...
Background The development of new diagnostics is an important tool in the fight against disease. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) used to estimate sensitivity and specificity tests absence a gold standard. main field diagnostic for Schistosoma mansoni infection, Kato-Katz (KK), not very sensitive at low infection intensities. A point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) test has been shown be more than KK. However, CCA can return ambiguous 'trace' result between 'positive' 'negative', much...
Background: Designing trials to reduce treatment duration is important in several therapeutic areas, including tuberculosis and bacterial infections. We recently proposed a new randomised trial design overcome some of the limitations standard two-arm non-inferiority trials. This DURATIONS involves randomising patients number arms modelling so-called ‘duration-response curve’. article investigates operating characteristics (type-1 type-2 errors) different statistical methods drawing inference...
In a seasonal environment, there are multiple aspects of timing, or phenology, that contribute to an individual's fitness. Several studies have shown genetic basis variation between individuals in breeding time, but we know little about the heritability other phenological traits wild populations. Furthermore, presence correlations variables could act constrain promote any response selection, less is known multivariate relationships underlying wild. Here, use data from population red deer on...