Tristan Courau
A5081272396- Immune cells in cancer
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- CAR-T cell therapy research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Wound Healing and Treatments
- Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- TGF-β signaling in diseases
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
- Cancer Research and Treatments
University of California, San Francisco
2020-2024
Pollinator Partnership
2023
Sorbonne Université
2013-2023
Inserm
2013-2023
Université Paris Cité
2016-2022
Universidad Católica de Santa Fe
2022
Institut de recherche Saint-Louis
2019-2020
University of London Institute in Paris
2020
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2015
Although infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has pleiotropic and systemic effects in some individuals1-3, many others experience milder symptoms. Here, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the distinction between mild phenotypes pathology disease 2019 (COVID-19) its origins, we performed whole-blood-preserving single-cell analysis protocol integrate contributions from all major immune cell types blood-including neutrophils, monocytes,...
<h3>Background</h3> Immunotherapies still fail to benefit colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Relevant functional assays aimed at studying these failures and the efficacy of immunotherapy in human are scarce. 3D tumor cultures, called organoids or spheroids, represent interesting models study treatments could help challenge issues. <h3>Methods</h3> We analyzed heterotypic cocultures colon tumor-derived spheroids with immune cells assess infiltration, activation function T NK toward tumors...
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play crucial roles in both fetal and tumor development. We recently showed that immunosurveillance by pre-existing CD44(high)CD62L(low) activated/memory Tregs (amTregs) specific for self-Ags protects emergent mice. This Treg response of a memory type is more rapid than dominates the antitumor tumor-specific effector cells. In this study, we report striking similarities between early responses to embryo implantation. are rapidly recruited uterus-draining lymph nodes...
Tregs imprint an early immunotolerant tumor environment that prevents effective antitumor immune responses. Using transcriptomics of tissues, we identified upregulation VEGF and TGF-β pathways compatible with tolerance imprinting. Silencing or in cells induced pleiotropic modulation immune-related transcriptome signatures tissues. These were surprisingly similar for both silenced tumors related to common downstream effects on Tregs. resulted dramatically delayed growth, associated decreased...
Abstract The immunological features that distinguish COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from other causes of ARDS are incompletely understood. Here, we report the results comparative lower tract transcriptional profiling tracheal aspirate 52 critically ill patients with COVID-19 or etiologies, as well controls without ARDS. In contrast to a “cytokine storm,” observe reduced proinflammatory gene expression in when compared due causes. is characterized by...
Tissue-resident macrophages adapt to local signals within tissues acquire specific functions. Neoplasia transforms the tissue, raising question as how environmental perturbations contribute tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) identity and Combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with spatial localization of distinct TAM subsets by imaging, we discover that transcriptomic programs follow two main differentiation paths according their in stroma or neoplastic epithelium mammary duct....
Intestinal tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (Trm) are non-recirculating effector ideally positioned to detect and react microbial infections in the gut mucosa. There is an emerging understanding of Trm cell differentiation functions, but their implication inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease (CD), still unknown. Here, we describe human intestine expressing KLRG1 or CD103, two receptors E-cadherin. While CD103 present high numbers mucosa CD patients controls, increased...
Abstract Dexamethasone is the standard of care for critically ill patients with COVID-19, but mechanisms by which it decreases mortality and its immunological effects in this setting are not understood. Here we perform bulk single-cell RNA sequencing samples from lower respiratory tract blood, assess plasma cytokine profiling to study dexamethasone on both systemic pulmonary immune cell compartments. In blood samples, associated decreased expression genes T activation, including TNFSFR4...
Objective T cells are major effectors of the antitumoural immune response. Their activation by tumour-associated antigens can unleash their proliferation and cytotoxic functions, leading to tumour cell elimination. However, tumour-related immunosuppressive mechanisms including overexpression checkpoints like programmed death protein-1 (PD-1), also engaged, promoting escape. Current immunotherapies targeting these pathways have demonstrated weak efficacy in colorectal cancer (CRC). It is thus...
In the past decade, high-dimensional single-cell technologies have revolutionized basic and translational immunology research are now a key element of toolbox used by scientists to study immune system. However, analysis data generated these approaches often requires clustering algorithms dimensionality reduction representation, which computationally intense difficult evaluate optimize. Here, we present Cytometry Clustering Optimization Evaluation (Cyclone), an pipeline integrating reduction,...
Abstract Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIMs) are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases affecting skeletal muscle tissue homeostasis. They characterized by weakness and inflammatory infiltration with damage. Amongst the cells in infiltration, dendritic (DCs) potent antigen-presenting key components autoimmunity exhibiting an increased activation inflamed tissues. Since, IIMs focal necrosis/regeneration atrophy, we hypothesized that DCs may play role these processes. Due to...
To further investigate the contribution of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) to adaptive immune responses, we analysed T-cell development and function in mice lacking full-length ICAM-1 (ICAM-1(tm1Jcgr) ). Compared with wild-type (ICAM-1(WT) ) mice, ICAM-1(tm1Jcgr) have impaired thymocyte development. Proportions numbers double negative, positive, mature CD4(+) CD8(+) thymocytes, as well regulatory T (Treg) cells were also significantly decreased. In periphery, had decreased...
Abstract Embryos and tumors are both masses of dividing cells expressing foreign Ags, but they not rejected by the immune system. We hypothesized that similar tolerogenic mechanisms prevent their rejection. Global comparison fetal tumor microenvironments through transcriptomics in mice revealed strikingly dramatic decreases expression numerous immune-related pathways, including Ag presentation T cell signaling. Unsupervised analyses highlighted parallel kinetics similarities signature...
CD206 is a common marker of putative immunosuppressive “M2” state in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We made novel conditional (Mrc1) knock-in mouse to specifically visualize and/or deplete CD206+ TAMs. Early depletion and monocytes (Mono/Macs) led the indirect loss conventional type I dendritic cells (cDC1), CD8 T cells, NK tumors. TAMs robustly expressed CXCL9, contrasting with stress-responsive Spp1-expressing immature monocytes, which became prominent early depletion. differentially...
Altered myeloid inflammation and lymphopenia are hallmarks of severe infections. We identified the upregulated EN-RAGE gene program in airway blood cells from patients with acute lung injury SARS-CoV-2 or other causes across 7 cohorts. This was associated greater clinical severity predicted future mechanical ventilation death.
Abstract The anti-tumor function of CD8 T cells is limited through well-established pathways cell exhaustion (T EX ). Strategies to capture emergent functional states amongst this dominant trajectory dysfunction are necessary find durable immunity. By leveraging transcriptional reporting (by the fluorescent protein TFP) activation marker Cd69, related upstream AP-1 transcription factors, we define a classifier for potent versus sub-optimal CD69+ arising from stimulation. In tumors,...
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are frequently categorized as being 'M1' or 'M2' polarized, even substantial data challenges this binary modeling of macrophage cell state. One molecule consistently referenced a delineator putative immunosuppressive state is the surface protein CD206. We thus made novel conditional CD206 (Mrc1) knock-in mouse to specifically visualize and/or deplete CD206+ 'M2-like' TAMs and assess their correspondence with pro-tumoral immunity. Early, but not late...
Abstract While SARS-CoV-2 infection has pleiotropic and systemic effects in some patients, many others experience milder symptoms. We sought a holistic understanding of the severe/mild distinction COVID-19 pathology, its origins. performed wholeblood preserving single-cell analysis protocol to integrate contributions from all major cell types including neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, lymphocytes contents serum. Patients with mild disease display coordinated pattern interferonstimulated...
SUMMARY Cancers display significant heterogeneity with respect to tissue of origin, driver mutations and other features the surrounding tissue. It is likely that persistent tumors differentially engage inherent patterns–here ‘Archetypes’–of immune system, both benefit from a tumor microenvironment (TIME) disengage tumor-targeting. To discover dominant system archetypes, Immunoprofiler Initiative (IPI) processed 364 individual across 12 cancer types using standardized protocols. Computational...
<h3>Background</h3> The idea that tumors co-opt elements of tissue repair and maintenance for growth immune evasion is a long-held one.<sup>1</sup> Cancer associated fibroblasts or CAFs can control the localization polarization state infiltrating cells, therefore they represent an enticing target clinical modulation.<sup>2–4</sup> Through mechanisms including ECM modulation, cytokine secretion even antigen presentation<sup>5</sup>, these relatively rare but powerful cells have potential to...