A5015316496- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Epilepsy research and treatment
- Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications
- Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Advanced Neural Network Applications
- Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- Fractal and DNA sequence analysis
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes
King's College London
2017-2024
University of Plymouth
2021-2024
St Thomas' Hospital
2023-2024
King's College - North Carolina
2022
Duke-NUS Medical School
2014
Duke University
2013
National University of Singapore
2013
University of Birmingham
2013
Institute of Mental Health
2013
The association cortex supports cognitive functions enabling flexible behavior. Here, we explored the organization of human by mathematically formalizing notion that a behavioral task engages multiple components, which are in turn supported overlapping brain regions. Application model to large data set neuroimaging experiments (N = 10 449) identified complex zones frontal and parietal regions ranged from being highly specialized flexible. network was with an independent resting-state fMRI...
Abstract Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is an emerging non-invasive technique for focally modulating human brain function. The mechanisms and neurochemical substrates underlying TUS neuromodulation in humans how these relate to excitation inhibition are still poorly understood. In 24 healthy controls, we separately stimulated two deep cortical regions investigated the effects of theta-burst TUS, a protocol shown increase corticospinal excitability, on inhibitory...
Generalized spike-wave discharges in idiopathic generalized epilepsy are conventionally assumed to have abrupt onset and offset. However, rodent models, emerge during a dynamic evolution of brain network states, extending several seconds before after the discharge. In human epilepsy, simultaneous EEG functional MRI shows cortical regions may be active discharges, connectivity around not normal. Here, we investigated whether states. Using EEG-functional MRI, studied 43 patients 34 healthy...
The use of 'offline' transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) protocols is particular interest in the rapidly growing field low-intensity TUS. Offline TUS can modulate neural activity up to several hours after stimulation, suggesting induction early-phase neuroplasticity. Studies both humans and nonhuman primates have shown spatially specific changes neuromodulation target a distributed network regions associated with it. These suggest that excitatory or inhibitory effects are result...
Slowing and frontal spread of the alpha rhythm have been reported in multiple epilepsy syndromes. We investigated whether these phenomena are associated with seizure control.We prospectively acquired resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) 63 patients focal idiopathic generalized (FE IGE) 39 age- gender-matched healthy subjects (HS). Patients were divided into good poor (≥4 seizures/12 months) control groups based on self-reports clinical records. computed spectral power from 20-sec EEG...
Several automatic image segmentation methods and few atlas databases exist for analysing structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance brain images. The impact of choosing a combination has not hitherto been described but may bias comparisons across studies. We evaluated two (MAPER FreeSurfer), using three publicly available (Hammers_mith, Desikan-Killiany-Tourville, MICCAI 2012 Grand Challenge). For each method, we conducted leave-one-out cross-comparison to estimate the accuracy FreeSurfer...
Summary Objective Patients with genetic generalized epilepsy ( GGE ) have subtle morphologic abnormalities of the brain revealed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) , particularly in thalamus. However, it is unclear whether are a consequence repeated seizures over duration disease, or treatment antiepileptic drugs AED s), independent these factors. Therefore, we measured morphometry cohort AED‐naive patients at disease onset. We hypothesize that drug‐naive onset gray matter changes compared to...
Abstract The piriform cortex (PC) is located at the junction of temporal and frontal lobes. It involved physiologically in olfaction as well memory plays an important role epilepsy. Its study scale held back by absence automatic segmentation methods on MRI. We devised a manual protocol for PC volumes, integrated those manually derived images into Hammers Atlas Database ( n = 30) used extensively validated method (multi‐atlas propagation with enhanced registration, MAPER) segmentation....
Abstract Seizure onset in epilepsy can usually be classified as focal or generalized, based on a combination of clinical phenomenology the seizures, EEG recordings and MRI. This classification may challenging when seizures interictal epileptiform discharges are infrequent discordant, MRI does not reveal any apparent abnormalities. To address this challenge, we introduce concept Ictogenic Spread (IS) prediction how pathological electrical activity associated with will propagate throughout...
Patients with schizophrenia exhibit impairments in working memory that often appear attenuated form persons at high risk for the illness. The authors hypothesized deviations task-related brain activation and deactivation would occur an at-risk mental state performing a task entailed maintenance manipulation of letters.Participants ultra developing psychosis (N=60), identified using Comprehensive Assessment At-Risk Mental States, healthy comparison subjects (N=38) 14 to 29 years age underwent...
Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS, also known as Rolandic epilepsy) is a common syndrome that associated literacy and language impairments. The neural mechanisms of the are not known. primary objective this study was to test hypothesis functional connectivity within network decreased in children BECTS. We tested siblings BECTS have similar abnormalities.
Abstract Objective Electroencephalography (EEG) features in the alpha band have been shown to differ between people with epilepsy and healthy controls. Here, a group of patients mesial temporal lobe (mTLE), we seek confirm these EEG features, using simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging, investigate whether brain networks related rhythm Additionally, abnormalities are found as an inherited endophenotype asymptomatic relatives. Methods We acquired scalp imaging 24 unrelated...
Abstract Objective Normal interictal [ 18 F]FDG‐PET can be predicted from the corresponding T1w MRI with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). A technique we call SIPCOM (Subtraction Interictal PET Co‐registered to MRI) then used compare epilepsy patients' and clinical PET. We assessed ability of identify Resection Zone (RZ) in patients drug‐resistant (DRE) reference visual statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis. Methods Patients complete presurgical work‐up subsequent SEEG...
Summary We investigated gray and white matter morphology in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy hippocampal sclerosis ( mTLE + HS ) first‐degree asymptomatic relatives of . Using T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) , we sought to replicate previously reported findings structural surface abnormalities the anterior an independent cohort. performed whole‐brain MRI 19 14 patients, 32 healthy control participants. Structural alterations compared controls were assessed using...
Abstract Absence seizures in idiopathic generalised epilepsy (IGE) involve thalamo-cortical circuits. Hyperventilation (HV) is a standard technique to trigger epileptiform discharges and absence IGE. HV also increases electroencephalography (EEG) delta band power decreases global cerebral blood flow (CBF). The relationships between HV, EEG power, regional CBF have not been investigated the same patients at time. We compared effects of hyperventilation 13 individuals with IGE 18 healthy...
Abstract Current methods for directly modulating activity in deep human brain structures are limited and invasive. Here, we demonstrate modulation of using non-invasive transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) show it exerts selective effects on learning decision making. 26 healthy adults participated a within-subject repeated TUS– functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment with three sonication conditions. Participants performed probabilistic task while undergoing fMRI...
Abstract GABAA receptors containing the α5 subunit mediate tonic inhibition and are widely expressed in limbic system. In animals, activation of α5-containing impairs hippocampus-dependent memory. Temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with memory impairments related to neuron loss other changes. The less selective PET ligand [11C]flumazenil has revealed reductions receptors. hypothesis that receptor alterations present temporal could contribute impaired untested. We compared availability...
Of particular interest in the rapidly growing field of low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is use “offline” TUS protocols. Offline can modulate neural activity up to several hours after suggesting induction early-phase neuroplasticity. Studies both humans and non-human primates have shown spatially specific changes neuromodulation target a distributed network regions associated with it. These suggest that excitatory or inhibitory effects are result complex interaction...
Abstract Background and Objectives Epileptogenic lesions in focal epilepsy can be subtle or undetected on conventional brain MRI. Ultra-high field (7T) MRI offers higher spatial resolution, contrast signal-to-noise ratio compared to imaging systems has shown promise the presurgical evaluation of adult epilepsy. However, utility ultra-high paediatric epilepsy, where malformations cortical development are more common, is unclear. This study 7T 3T children with by comparing: (i) scan...
Abstract Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is an emerging non-invasive technique for focally modulating human brain function. The mechanisms and neurochemical substrates underlying TUS neuromodulation in humans how these relate to excitation inhibition are still poorly understood. In 24 healthy controls, we separately stimulated two deep cortical regions investigated the effects of theta-burst TUS, a protocol shown increase corticospinal excitability, on inhibitory...
Current methods for magnetic resonance-based positron emission tomography attenuation correction (PET-MR AC) are time consuming, and less able than computed (CT)-based AC to capture inter-individual variability skull abnormalities. Deep learning have been proposed produce pseudo-CT from MR images, but these not yet evaluated in large clinical cohorts. Methods trained on healthy adult data may work cohorts where morphometry be abnormal, or paediatric skulls tend thinner smaller. Here, we...