A5043041341- Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Respiratory viral infections research
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Neonatal skin health care
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Fungal Infections and Studies
Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi
2025
Aga Khan University
2015-2024
Aga Khan University Hospital
2008-2024
University of Lahore
2022
Royal London Hospital
2010
Allama Iqbal Medical College
1987
Parenteral antibiotic therapy for young infants (aged 0-59 days) with suspected sepsis is sometimes not available or feasible in countries high neonatal mortality. Outpatient treatment could save lives such settings. We aimed to assess the equivalence of two simplified regimens, comprising fewer injections and oral rather than parenteral administration, compared a reference clinical severe infection.We undertook Simplified Antibiotic Therapy Trial (SATT), three-arm, randomised, open-label,...
Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) accounts for nearly 15% of all childhood mortality in South Asia, with children from rural areas at higher risk due to inaccessibility healthcare facilities. We therefore aimed identify factors associated ARI under 2 years age Pakistan. Methods: A retrospective 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted between October and December 2018 Taluka Kotri, Jamshoro District Cases were identified as 0 23 months a history fever, cough, sore throat,...
<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Introduction:</bold> Injections are frequently used in developing countries as a perceived potent medical treatment. However, unsafe injection practices, including the reuse of syringes without proper sterilization, can transmit infectious diseases like hepatitis B, C, and HIV. In Pakistan, average rate is 8.5 per person annually, with significant proportion deemed unnecessary. Cultural beliefs mutual reinforcement between healthcare providers patients...
Pan-resistant Acinetobacter infection has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen in our inpatient neonates over the past few years.We performed a retrospective chart review during five-year period (July 2003 - June 2008) of all hospitalized neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) who developed to identify mortality-associated risk factors infection.During study period, 122 cultures from 78 grew Acinetobacter. Source sites positive culture were following descending order: blood (n = 57),...
Hypoxemia may occur in young infants with severe acute illnesses or congenital cardiac anomalies, but is not reliably detected on physical exam. Pulse oximetry (PO) can be used to detect hypoxemia, its application low-income countries has been limited, and feasibility the routine assessment of (aged 0–59 days) previously studied. The aim this study was characterize operational parent/guardian acceptability incorporating PO into clinical a primary care setting country. This cross-sectional...
Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectiveness is compromised by the emergence of HIV drug resistance mutations (DRM) and can lead to failure ART. Apart from intrinsic viral factors, non-compliance with drugs and/or use sub-optimum DRMs. In Pakistan currently exists as a concentrated epidemic, however, ART coverage very low, adherence poor. selected assuming without baseline genotyping. has recently seen rise in treatment failures, but country’s actual burden DRM still unknown. this...
Introduction: Multidrug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter pose a serious therapeutic dilemma in hospital practice, particularly when they cause meningitis, as the few antimicrobial agents to which these isolates are susceptible have poor central nervous system (CNS) penetration. Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed clinical course and outcome eight consecutive cases meningitis due spp. children ages 15 years or less, seen tertiary care medical center Karachi, Pakistan. Results: Of from...
BackgroundPrimary Immunodeficiency Disorders (PIDs) are well-known disorders in the West. but recognition and diagnosis of these is challenging developing countries. We present spectrum PIDs seen at a tertiary care center Pakistan, identified using clinical case definitions molecular methods.MethodsA retrospective chart review children suspected to have PID was conducted Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) Karachi, Pakistan from 2010 2016. Data on demographics, features, family history...
In April 2019, an HIV-1 outbreak among children occurred in Larkana, Pakistan, affecting more than a thousand children. It was assumed that the originated from single source, namely doctor at private health facility. this study, we performed subtype distribution, phylogenetic and drug-resistance analysis of sequences 2019 Pakistan. A total 401 blood samples were collected between April-June infected with aged 0-15 years recruited into case-control study to investigate risk factors for...
(1) Background: CMV and EBV co-infections can affect the HIV disease progression by modulating immune system. The dynamics differ in HIV-positive adults children. In Pakistan, is rapidly expanding, especially children; however, prevalence of co-infection effect on modulation children are not known. This study aimed to bridge this gap estimating rate active children, followed analysis differential expression cytokines mono- HIV/CMV/EBV co-infected (2) Methods: DNA samples from 319 previously...
Postpartum sepsis accounts for most maternal deaths between three and seven days postpartum, when mothers, even those who deliver in facilities, are at home. Case fatality rates untreated women very high. Newborns of ill have substantially higher infection risk.The objectives this study to: (1) create, field-test validate a tool community health workers to improve diagnostic accuracy suspected puerperal sepsis; (2) measure incidence identify associated risk factors and; (3) describe...
Introduction In April 2019, 14 children were diagnosed with HIV infection by a private healthcare provider in Larkana district, Sindh province, Pakistan. Over the next 3 months, 930 individuals HIV, >80% below 16 years, largest ever outbreak of this protocol paper, we describe research methods for assessing likely modes transmission and investigate spatial molecular epidemiology. Methods analysis A matched case–control study will be conducted 406 cases recruited. Cases aged years...
Background Japanese encephalitis (JE) occurs in fewer than 1% of JE virus (JEV) infections, often with catastrophic sequelae including death and neuropsychiatric disability. JEV transmission Pakistan was documented 1980s 1990s, but recent evidence is lacking. Our objective to investigate as a cause acute Pakistan. Methods Persons aged ≥1 month possible admitted two care hospitals Karachi, from April 2015 January 2018 were enrolled. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum samples tested for...
Abstract Background There is a lack of evidence on oral amoxicillin pharmacokinetics and exposure in neonates with possible serious bacterial infection (pSBI). We aimed to describe disposition following intravenous administration provide dosing recommendations for preterm term treated pSBI. Methods In this pooled-population pharmacokinetic study, 3 datasets were combined nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. order evaluate administration, profiles different regimens simulated the developed...
Diarrhoea is a leading cause of preventable childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, Pakistan has the third-highest burden diarrhoea-related deaths in children <5 y age. Therefore we aimed to evaluate factors associated with diarrhoea among Pakistani children.A retrospective 1:2 matched case-control study nested baseline cross-sectional survey was conducted from October December 2018 Taluka Kotri, two-thirds urban locality Jamshoro district. Children between ages 0 23...
Recurrent Salmonellosis in a Child with Complete IL-12Rβ1 Deficiency A 3 year old boy presented fever, abdominal pain and cervical lymphadenopathy. He had previously been treated empirically anti-tuberculous therapy twice, at age 9 months 27 months, for peripheral An older sibling died of suspected tuberculous meningitis.