A5025541170- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Complement system in diseases
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases
- Eosinophilic Disorders and Syndromes
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Travel-related health issues
- Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- RNA modifications and cancer
- Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2016-2025
Center for Global Health
2010-2024
University of New Mexico
2008-2019
AMPATH
2018-2019
Centre for Global Health Research
2019
Wellcome Trust
2019
Ministry of Health
2015
Maseno University
2009
Kenyatta University
1997-2006
University of Pittsburgh
2006
Since the etiologies and clinical outcomes of bacteremia in children with Plasmodium falciparum infections, particularly areas holoendemic malaria transmission, are largely unexplored, blood cultures comprehensive clinical, laboratory, hematological, nutritional parameters for malaria-infected (aged 1 to 36 months, n = 585 patients) were investigated at a rural hospital western Kenya. After exclusion contaminant microorganisms, prevalence was 11.7% cohort (n 506), nontyphoidal Salmonella...
Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is the most common pediatric cancer in malaria-endemic equatorial Africa and nearly always contains Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), unlike sporadic (sBL) that occurs with a lower incidence developed countries. Given these differences variable clinical presentation outcomes, we sought to further understand pathogenesis by investigating transcriptomes using RNA sequencing (RNAseq) from multiple primary eBL tumors compared sBL tumors. Within tumors, minimal expression...
Since the primary hematological complication in both pediatric HIV-1 and malaria is anemia, co-infection with these pathogens may promote life-threatening severe malarial anemia (SMA). The objective of study was to determine if exposure [HIV-1(exp)] and/or infection [HIV-1(+)] increased prevalence SMA children acute malaria.The effect on (hemoglobin < 6.0 g/dl), parasitemia (parasites/microl), high-density (HDP, >or= 10 000 parasites/mul) investigated <or= 2 years age presenting at hospital...
The prevalence of malaria parasites in adults Africa is less well researched than children. Therefore, a demographic surveillance site was used to conduct household survey the endemic area Maseno division Kisumu County near Lake Victoria. A random 1,190 living health 70,805 population size conducted, measuring presence by slide microscopy. Data were analysed using STATA calculate and associated risk factors. adult 28% (95% CI: 25.4–31.0%). Gender significant sociodemographic factor both...
Natural Killer (NK) cells play an essential role in antiviral and anti-tumoral immune responses. In peripheral blood, NK are commonly classified into two major subsets: CD56brightCD16neg CD56dimCD16pos despite the characterization of a CD56negCD16pos subset 25 years ago. Since then, several studies have described prevalence cell viral non-controllers as basis for their dysfunction. However, mechanistic cytotoxic impairment is unclear. Recently, using strict flow cytometry gating strategy to...
Abstract Background Microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood films remains the reference standard for malaria parasite detection and quantification, but is undermined by difficulties in ensuring high-quality manual reading inter-reader reliability. Automated quantification may address this issue. Methods A multi-centre, observational study was conducted during 2018 2019 at 11 sites to assess performance EasyScan Go, a microscopy device employing machine-learning-based image analysis....
Natural killer (NK) cells are potent immune effectors that can be activated via antibody-mediated Fc receptor engagement. Using multiparameter flow cytometry, we found NK degranulate and release IFN-γ upon stimulation with antibody-opsonized
Malarial anemia (MA) is a multifactorial disease for which the complex etiological basis only partially defined. The association of clinical, nutritional, demographic, and socioeconomic factors with parasitemia, anemia, MA was determined children presenting at hospital in holoendemic area Plasmodium falciparum transmission western Kenya. Parasitemia not associated malaria severity. In univariate logistic regression, fever significantly wasting increased presentation MA. Caretaker's level...
Severe malarial anemia (SMA) is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in immune-naïve infants young children residing areas holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum transmission. Although the immunopathogenesis SMA largely undefined, we have previously shown that systemic interleukin-12 (IL-12) production suppressed during childhood blood-stage malaria. Since IL-10 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) are known to decrease IL-12 synthesis number infectious diseases, altered transcriptional...
BackgroundSevere malarial anemia (SMA) resulting from Plasmodium falciparum infection is one of the leading causes childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The innate immune mediator macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a critical role pathogenesis SMA
This open-label, randomized study evaluated efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) in treatment uncomplicated falciparum malaria children below five years age, to build evidence on use AL as first-line DP second-line Kenya. A total 454 aged six 59 months with were (1:1) receive dispersible or paediatric tablets followed up for 42 days. Primary variable was corrected adequate clinical parasitological response (ACPR) rate day 28. Secondary...
For uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, highly efficacious single-dose treatments are expected to increase compliance and improve treatment outcomes, thereby may slow the development of resistance. The efficacy safety a combination artefenomel (800 mg) plus ferroquine (400/600/900/1200 mg doses) for P. malaria were evaluated in Africa (focusing on children ≤ 5 years) Asia.The study was randomized, double-blind, single-dose, multi-arm clinical trial patients aged > 6 months < 70...
Severe malarial anemia (SMA), caused by Plasmodium falciparum infections, is one of the leading causes childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Although molecular determinants SMA are largely undefined, dysregulation host-derived inflammatory mediators influences disease severity. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) an important regulator innate responses that has recently been shown to suppress erythropoiesis and promote pathogenesis murine models. To examine role MIF development...
Areas where Plasmodium falciparum transmission is holoendemic are characterized by high rates of pediatric severe malarial anemia (SMA) and associated mortality. Although the etiology SMA complex multifactorial, perturbations in inflammatory mediator production play an important role pathogenic process. As such, current study focused on identification biomarkers children with anemia. Febrile (3 to 30 months age) presenting at Siaya District Hospital western Kenya underwent a complete...
Discovering how to improve survival and establishing clinical reference points for children diagnosed with endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) in resource‐constrained settings has recaptured international attention. Using multivariate analyses, we evaluated 428 eBL Kenya age, gender, tumor stage, nutritional status, hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) Plasmodium falciparum prior induction of chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate doxorubicin)...
Abstract Ring-infected erythrocytes are the predominant asexual stage in peripheral circulation but rarely investigated context of acquired immunity against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Here we compare antibody-dependent phagocytosis ring-infected parasite cultures samples from a controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) study (NCT02739763). Protected volunteers did not develop clinical symptoms, maintained parasitaemia below predefined threshold 500 parasites/μl and were treated until end...
Circulating T-follicular helper (cT FH ) cells have the potential to provide an additional correlate of protection against Plasmodium falciparum ( Pf) as they are essential promote B-cell production long-lasting antibodies. Assessing specificity cT subsets individual malaria antigens is vital understanding variation observed in antibody responses and identifying promising vaccine candidates.Using spectral flow cytometry unbiased clustering analysis, we assessed antigen-specific cell recall...
This prospective cohort study explored the association between two upstream IFN-γ variants (rs2069709: G > T and rs2069705: A G) hazard factors for malaria outcomes in a longitudinal of children (n = 941, 3-36 mos.), followed three years. The impact age, sex, previous exposure, HIV1 infection, sickle-cell genotypes (HbAA, HbAS, HbSS) was also investigated. Reduced episodes were associated with older age at enrollment [HR 0.957 (95% CI 0.953-0.961) per month, P < 2.2e-16], infection [0.687...