A5013304554- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Statistical Methods and Inference
- Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Gene expression and cancer classification
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Malaria Research and Control
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Global Health Care Issues
University of California, Berkeley
2016-2025
Berkeley Public Health Division
2014-2024
University of California System
2000-2024
University of California, San Francisco
2003-2021
University of California, Davis
2018-2021
San Francisco General Hospital
2003-2021
University of California, Los Angeles
2021
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2020
Oregon Health & Science University
2020
University of Colorado Boulder
2020
When trying to learn a model for the prediction of an outcome given set covariates, statistician has many estimation procedures in their toolbox. A few examples these candidate learners are: least squares, angle regression, random forests, and spline regression. Previous articles (van der Laan Dudoit (2003); van et al. (2006); Sinisi (2007)) theoretically validated use cross validation select optimal learner among learners. Motivated by this validation, we propose new method creating...
Two modeling approaches are commonly used to estimate the associations between neighborhood characteristics and individual-level health outcomes in multilevel studies (subjects within neighborhoods). Random effects models (or mixed models) use maximum likelihood estimation. Population average typically a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach. These methods place of basic regression because residents same may be correlated, thus violating independence assumptions made by traditional...
Certain respiratory tract infections are transmitted through air. Coughing and sneezing by an infected person can emit pathogen-containing particles with diameters less than 10 μ m that reach the alveolar region. Based on our analysis of sparse literature aerosols, we estimated emitted quickly decrease in diameter due to water loss one-half initial values, one cough volume 20 is 6 × 10− 8 mL. The pathogen emission rate from a source case depends frequency expiratory events, respirable...
Diarrhoea and growth faltering in early childhood are associated with subsequent adverse outcomes. We aimed to assess whether water quality, sanitation, handwashing interventions alone or combined nutrition reduced diarrhoea faltering.The WASH Benefits Bangladesh cluster-randomised trial enrolled pregnant women from villages rural evaluated outcomes at 1-year 2-years' follow-up. Pregnant geographically adjacent clusters were block-randomised one of seven clusters: chlorinated drinking...
BackgroundPoor nutrition and exposure to faecal contamination are associated with diarrhoea growth faltering, both of which have long-term consequences for child health. We aimed assess whether water, sanitation, handwashing, interventions reduced or faltering.MethodsThe WASH Benefits cluster-randomised trial enrolled pregnant women from villages in rural Kenya evaluated outcomes at 1 year 2 years follow-up. Geographically-adjacent clusters were block-randomised active control (household...
Background: Lung and breast cancers are leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Prior exploratory work has shown that patterns biochemical markers have been found in the exhaled breath patients with lung distinguishable from those controls. However, chemical analysis not suitability for individual clinical diagnosis. Methods: The authors used a food reward-based method training 5 ordinary household dogs to distinguish, by scent alone, samples 55 31 83 healthy A correct indication was...
Abstract Accurate estimates of the burden SARS-CoV-2 infection are critical to informing pandemic response. Confirmed COVID-19 case counts in U.S. do not capture total because testing has been primarily restricted individuals with moderate severe symptoms due limited test availability. Here, we use a semi-Bayesian probabilistic bias analysis account for incomplete and imperfect diagnostic accuracy. We estimate 6,454,951 cumulative infections compared 721,245 confirmed cases (1.9% vs. 0.2%...
Age-related neurodegenerative disease has been mechanistically linked with mitochondrial dysfunction via damage from reactive oxygen species produced within the cell. We determined whether increased oxidative stress could modulate or regulate two of key neurochemical hallmarks Alzheimer's (AD): tau phosphorylation, and ß-amyloid deposition. Mice lacking superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) die first week life, develop a complex heterogeneous phenotype arising stress. Treatment these mice catalytic...
Human aging is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy and functional impairment (sarcopenia). Multiple lines of evidence suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction a major contributor to sarcopenia. We evaluated whether healthy was transcriptional profile reflecting resistance exercise could reverse this signature approximating younger physiological age. Skeletal biopsies from older (N = 25) 26) adult men women were compared using gene expression profiling, subset these related measurements...
Beneficial effects of massage on tired muscles work through anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways.
Enteric infections are common during the first years of life in low-income countries and contribute to growth faltering with long-term impairment health development. Water quality, sanitation, handwashing nutritional interventions can independently reduce enteric faltering. There is little evidence that directly compares effects these individual combined on diarrhoea when delivered infants young children. The objective WASH Benefits study help fill this knowledge gap.WASH includes two...
Significance Widely available accurate estimates of malaria exposure are essential for targeting and evaluation public health interventions. Antibody responses to the parasite can provide information on past exposure, but date, most such measurements have been based a small number proteins chosen by convenience rather than utility not provided quantitative an individual’s exposure. Our results generated screening hundreds in children with known histories indicate that few appropriately...
Sustainable Development Goal 2.2-to end malnutrition by 2030-includes the elimination of child wasting, defined as a weight-for-length z-score that is more than two standard deviations below median World Health Organization standards for growth
Globally, 149 million children under 5 years of age are estimated to be stunted (length more than 2 standard deviations below international growth standards)
Abstract Growth faltering in children (low length for age or low weight length) during the first 1,000 days of life (from conception to 2 years age) influences short-term and long-term health survival 1,2 . Interventions such as nutritional supplementation pregnancy postnatal period could help prevent growth faltering, but programmatic action has been insufficient eliminate high burden stunting wasting low- middle-income countries. Identification windows population subgroups on which focus...
Context:The causal relation between school bullying and psychopathologic behavior has been the focus of substantial debate.Previous studies have failed to garner evidence in either direction, largely because methodologic constraints such as cross-sectional study designs, shared method variance, analytic shortfalls.Objective: To determine direction bullying.Design: Prospective cohort study.Setting: Two Korean middle schools.Participants: A total 1655 seventh-and eighthgrade students were...
As computational power improves, the application of more advanced machine learning techniques to analysis large genome-wide association (GWA) datasets becomes possible. While most traditional statistical methods can only elucidate main effects genetic variants on risk for disease, certain approaches are particularly suited discover higher order and non-linear effects. One such approach is Random Forests (RF) algorithm. The use RF SNP discovery related human disease has grown in recent years;...
Abstract There are concerns about the health effects of formaldehyde exposure, including carcinogenicity, in light elevated indoor air levels new homes and occupational exposures experienced by workers care, embalming, manufacturing, other industries. Epidemiologic studies suggest that exposure is associated with an increased risk leukemia. However, biological plausibility these findings has been questioned because limited information available on ability to disrupt hematopoietic function....
Lithium (Li(+)) has been used to treat mood affect disorders, including bipolar, for decades. This drug is neuroprotective and several identified molecular targets. However, it a narrow therapeutic range the one or more underlying mechanisms of its action are not understood. Here we describe pharmacogenetic study Li(+) in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Exposure at clinically relevant concentrations throughout adulthood increases survival during normal aging (up 46% median increase)....