A5021309430- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Hallucinations in medical conditions
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging
- Spatial Neglect and Hemispheric Dysfunction
- Ginkgo biloba and Cashew Applications
- Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
Newcastle University
2016-2025
Newcastle Hospitals - Campus for Ageing and Vitality
2016-2025
Christian Medical College & Hospital
2025
NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre
2025
Christian Medical College
2025
University of Cambridge
2013-2024
University of Exeter
2023-2024
Royal Victoria Infirmary
1998-2023
University of Newcastle Australia
2011-2022
Clinical Research Institute
2020-2022
Near-infrared light propagation in various models of the adult head is analyzed by both time-of-flight measurements and mathematical prediction. The consist three- or four-layered slabs, latter incorporating a clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) layer. most sophisticated model also incorporates slots that imitate sulci on brain surface. For each model, experimentally measured mean optical path length as function source-detector spacing agrees well with predictions from either Monte Carlo...
To describe the frequency of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson disease (PD) a cohort newly diagnosed incident PD cases and associations with panel biomarkers.Between June 2009 December 2011, 219 subjects 99 age-matched controls participated clinical neuropsychological assessments as part longitudinal observational study. Consenting individuals underwent structural MRI, lumbar puncture, genotyping for common variants COMT, MAPT, SNCA, BuChE, EGF, APOE. PD-MCI was defined reference...
Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease is associated with progression to dementia (Parkinson's dementia) a majority of patients. Determining structural imaging biomarkers prodromal may allow for the earlier identification those at risk, and targeted modifying therapies. One hundred five non-demented subjects newly diagnosed idiopathic 37 healthy matched controls had serial 3 T magnetic resonance scans clinical neuropsychological assessments baseline, which were repeated after 18...
Brain imaging with glucose (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG) PET or blood flow (hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime) SPECT is widely used for the differential diagnosis of dementia, though direct comparisons to clearly establish superiority one method have not been undertaken. <b>Methods:</b> Subjects Alzheimer disease (AD; <i>n</i> = 38) and dementia Lewy bodies (DLB; 30) controls (<i>n</i> underwent <sup>18</sup>F-FDG in balanced order. The main outcome measure was area under curve (AUC)...
In order to quantify near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) data on an inhomogeneous medium, knowledge of the contribution various parts medium total NIRS signal is required. This particularly true in monitoring cerebral oxygenation by NIRS, where overlying tissues must be known. The concept time point spread function (TPSF), which used extensively determine effective optical pathlength, expanded more general case. achieved through introduction partial differential pathlength homogeneous and...
<h3>Background</h3> Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common form of late-life dementia that can be difficult to differentiate from other disorders, especially Alzheimer disease (AD), during life. At autopsy the striatal dopaminergic transporter reduced. <h3>Objectives</h3> To examine extent and pattern dopamine loss using iodine I 123–radiolabeled 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-<i>N</i>-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane (FP-CIT) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in DLBs...
The optical properties of samples bone from pig skull have been measured over the wavelength range 650-950 nm. scattering phase function was on thin using a goniometer, and value for mean cosine g, angle, calculated. absorption coefficients, mu s were then determined measurements diffuse reflectance transmittance made with pair integrating spheres, by step-wise search through table versus generated Monte Carlo model incorporating function. Values g six varied 0.925+or-0.014 at 650 nm to...
The signal to noise ratio (SNR) is one of the important measures performance a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. object this study was compare single acquisition method, which estimates from background pixels, with dual method subtraction two sequentially acquired images. more exact, but slower perform and requires image manipulation. A comparison between methods gave good correlation, regression equation SNRsingle = 1.1+0.94 SNRdual. therefore appropriate for use in quality assurance...
Greater understanding of the risk factors and mechanisms incident dementia in stroke survivors is needed for prevention management. There limited information on long-term consequences forms older survivors. We recruited 355 patients aged >75 years from hospital-based registers into a longitudinal study 3 months after stroke. At baseline none had dementia. Patients were genotyped apolipoprotein E assessed annually cognition development over up to 8 follow-up. The effect vascular upon...
Near-infra-red (NIR) spectroscopy is increasingly being used for monitoring cerebral oxygenation and haemodynamics. One current concern the effect of clear cerebrospinal fluid upon distribution light in head.
Abstract Background An international Delphi panel has defined a harmonized protocol (HarP) for the manual segmentation of hippocampus on MR. The aim this study is to concurrent validity HarP toward local protocols, and its major sources variance. Methods Fourteen tracers segmented 10 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cases scanned at 1.5 T 3T following qualified based through standard web‐platform resegmented HarP. five most accurate followed segment 15 ADNI acquired three...
Evidence from cross-sectional studies suggests a link between cerebral age-related white matter changes and depressive symptoms in older people, although the temporal association remains unclear.To investigate on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an independent predictor of at 1 year after controlling for known confounders.In pan-European multicentre study 639 adults without significant disability, MRI demographic clinical variables, including cognitive scores, quality life, disability...
White matter hyperintensities as seen on brain T 2 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging are associated with varying degrees of cognitive dysfunction in stroke, cerebral small vessel disease and dementia. The pathophysiological mechanisms within the white accounting for remain unclear. With hypothesis that gliovascular interactions impaired subjects high burdens hyperintensities, we performed clinicopathological studies post-stroke survivors, who had exhibited greater frontal volumes...
Abstract Background This study aimed to have international experts converge on a harmonized definition of whole hippocampus boundaries and segmentation procedures, define standard operating procedures for magnetic resonance (MR)‐based manual hippocampal segmentation. Methods The panel received questionnaire regarding procedures. Quantitative information was supplied allow evidence‐based answers. A recursive anonymous Delphi procedure used achieve convergence. Significance agreement among...
Parkinson's disease is associated with multiple cognitive impairments and increased risk of dementia, but the extent these deficits varies widely among patients. The ICICLE-PD study was established to define characteristics prevalence change soon after diagnosis, in a representative cohort patients, using multimodal approach. Specifically, we tested 'Dual Syndrome' hypothesis for impairment disease, which distinguishes an executive syndrome (affecting frontostriatal regions due dopaminergic...
Objective: To examine the independent contributions and combined interactions of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), cortical subcortical atrophy, white matter lesion (WML) volume in longitudinal cognitive performance. Methods: A total 477 subjects with age-related WML were evaluated brain MRI annual neuropsychological examinations 3-year follow-up. Baseline determinants decline analyzed linear mixed models controlling for multiple confounders. Results: MTA predicted significantly steeper...
ABSTRACT Background The aim of this work was to investigate the cortical and white matter changes that underlie cognitive impairment in patients with incident Parkinson's disease (PD) using voxel‐based morphometry diffusion tensor imaging. Methods Newly diagnosed nondemented PD (n = 125) control subjects 50) were recruited from Incidence Cognitive Impairment Cohorts Longitudinal Evaluation Disease Study completed assessments 3T structural MR Voxel‐based performed relationship between gray...
Cerebral white matter lesions (WML), visualized as hyperintensities (WMH) on T2-weighted MRI, encompass structural damage and loss of integrity the cerebral (WM) are commonly assumed to be associated with small vessel disease (SVD). However, it has been suggested that WM may also result degenerative axonal is secondary cortical Alzheimer's (AD) pathologies i.e., hyperphosphorylated tau (HPτ) amyloid-beta (Aβ). Here we investigate influence HPτ, Aβ SVD WMH severity. 36 human post-mortem right...
Lewy body dementia includes with bodies and Parkinson's disease is characterized by transient clinical symptoms such as fluctuating cognition, which might be driven dysfunction of the intrinsic dynamic properties brain. In this context we investigated whole-brain dynamics on a subsecond timescale in 42 compared to 27 Alzheimer's patients 18 healthy controls using an EEG microstate analysis cross-sectional design. Microstates are transiently stable brain topographies whose temporal...
Cognitive fluctuations are a core symptom in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and may relate to pathological alterations distributed brain networks. To test this we analysed resting state fMRI changes cohort of fluctuating DLB patients (n = 16) compared age matched controls 17) the aim finding functional connectivity (FC) differences between these two groups whether associate cognitive DLB. Resting networks (RSNs) were estimated using independent component analysis FC RSN maps entirety was...
Objective To assess reductions of cerebral glucose metabolism in Parkinson's disease (PD) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), and their associations cognitive decline. Methods FDG-PET was performed on a cohort 79 patients newly diagnosed PD (mean duration 8 months) 20 unrelated controls. participants were scanned while usual dopaminergic medication. Cognitive testing at baseline, after 18 months using the Drug Research (CDR) Cambridge Neuropsychological Test...
We studied the dynamic functional connectivity profile of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to controls, how it differs between two subtypes, a possible relation alterations temporally transient clinical symptoms in DLB. Resting state fMRI data from 31 DLB, 29 AD, healthy control participants were analyzed using dual regression determine between-network connectivity. Subsequently, we used sliding window approach followed by k-means clustering network...
<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the relationship between visual hallucinations in Parkinson disease (PD) and levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) primary cortex. <h3>Methods</h3> We utilized magnetic resonance spectroscopy to occipital GABA 36 participants with PD, 19 17 without complex hallucinations, together 20 healthy controls hallucinations. In addition, we acquired T1-weighted MRI, whole-brain fMRI during a task, diffusion tensor imaging. <h3>Results</h3> found lower GABA+/creatine...