A5041290270- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Fecal contamination and water quality
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- COVID-19 impact on air quality
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Child and Adolescent Health
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
University of Virginia
2020-2024
Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services
2024
Virginia Department of Health
2024
Virginia Tech
2024
Johns Hopkins University
2018-2020
Inter-American Development Bank
2012-2013
Longitudinal and time series analyses are needed to characterize the associations between hydrometeorological parameters health outcomes. Earth Observation (EO) climate data products derived from satellites global model-based reanalysis have potential be used as surrogates in situations locations where weather-station based observations inadequate or incomplete. However, these often lack direct evaluation at specific sites of epidemiological interest. Standard metrics correlation, agreement,...
Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) such as fucosyltransferase (FUT)2 and 3 may act innate host factors that differentially influence susceptibility of individuals their offspring to pediatric enteric infections.
An impressive number of COVID-19 data catalogs exist. However, none are fully optimized for science applications. Inconsistent naming and conventions, uneven quality control, lack alignment between disease potential predictors pose barriers to robust modeling analysis. To address this gap, we generated a unified dataset that integrates implements checks the from numerous leading sources epidemiological environmental data. We use globally consistent hierarchy administrative units facilitate...
Because epidemiologic and environmental risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported only infrequently, little information exists about those factors. The state of Virginia, USA, requires certain ecologic features to be included in reports the Virginia Department Health, presenting a unique opportunity study variables. We analyzed laboratory Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) M. abscessus infections during 2021-2023. MAC/M. was isolated from 6.19/100,000 persons,...
The objective of this study was to determine the phenotypic patterns antibiotic resistance and epidemiology drug-resistant Campylobacter spp. from a low-resource setting.
Abstract Diarrheal disease, still a major cause of childhood illness, is caused by numerous, diverse infectious microorganisms, which are differentially sensitive to environmental conditions. Enteropathogen‐specific impacts climate remain underexplored. Results from 15 studies that diagnosed enteropathogens in 64,788 stool samples 20,760 children 19 countries were combined. Infection status for 10 common enteropathogens—adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, Campylobacter ,...
The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Peru site will enroll subjects in a periurban area of the low Amazon rainforest. political department Loreto lags behind most access to improved sources water and sanitation, per capita income, children born <2.5 kg, infant child mortality. Chronic undernutrition as manifested by linear growth shortfalls is common, but wasting acute malnutrition are not. recruitment seeking care diarrheal disease takes place at geographic cluster government-based primary...
Accurate estimation of diarrhea incidence from facility-based surveillance requires estimating the population at risk and accounting for case patients who do not seek care. The Enterics Global Health (EFGH) Shigella study will characterize denominators healthcare-seeking behavior proportions to calculate rates in children aged 6-35 months across 7 sites Africa, Asia, Latin America. use a hybrid design, supplementing with population-based surveys estimate size proportion brought care EFGH...
Extreme floods pose multiple direct and indirect health risks. These risks include contamination of water, food, the environment, often causing outbreaks diarrheal disease. Evidence regarding effects flooding on individual diarrhea-causing pathogens is limited, but urgently needed in order to plan implement interventions prioritize resources before climate-related disasters strike. This study applied a causal inference approach data from multisite that deployed broadly inclusive diagnostics...
Undernourished children are metabolically immature relative to those growing normally across 3 diverse epidemiologic contexts.
Diarrheal disease remains a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity causing poor health economic outcomes. In low-resource settings, young children are exposed to numerous risk factors for enteric pathogen transmission within their dwellings, though the relative importance different pathways varies by species. The objective this analysis was model associations between five household-level factors-water, sanitation, flooring, caregiver education, crowding-and infection status endemic...
BackgroundClimate change threatens to undermine recent progress in reducing global deaths from diarrhoeal disease children. However, the scarcity of evidence about how individual environmental factors affect transmission specific pathogens makes prediction trends under different climate scenarios challenging. We aimed model associations between daily estimates a suite hydrometeorological variables and rotavirus infection status ascertained through community-based surveillance.MethodsFor this...
Abstract Housing infrastructure and quality is a major determinant of infectious disease risk other health outcomes in regions the world where vector borne, waterborne neglected tropical diseases are endemic. It important to quantify geographical distribution improvements dwelling components identify target resources towards populations at risk. The aim this study was model sub-national spatial variation housing materials using covariates with quasi-global coverage use resulting estimates...
Bifidobacterium longum subspecies detected in infant stool have been associated with numerous subsequent health outcomes and are potential early markers of deviation from healthy developmental trajectories. This analysis derived indicators carriage colonization B. infantis quantified their associations a panel early-life exposures outcomes. In sub-study nested within multi-site birth cohort, extant samples infants Bangladesh, Pakistan Tanzania were tested for presence quantity two...
Abstract Brazil has been severely affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Temperature and humidity have purported as drivers of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission, but no consensus reached in literature regarding relative roles meteorology, governmental policy, mobility on transmission Brazil. We compiled data Brazil's 26 states one federal district from June 2020 to August 2021. Associations between these variables time‐varying reproductive number ( R t ) were examined using generalized additive models fit...
Improving understanding of the pathogen-specific seasonality enteric infections is critical to informing policy on timing preventive measures and forecast trends in burden diarrhoeal disease. Data obtained from active surveillance cohorts can capture underlying infection status as transmission occurs community. The purpose this study was characterise rotavirus eight different locations while adjusting for age, calendar time within-subject clustering episodes by applying an adapted Serfling...
We present an example of a tool for quantifying the burden, population in need intervention and resources to contribute control soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection at multiple administrative levels region Latin America Caribbean (LAC). The relies on published STH prevalence data along with distribution several transmission determinants 12,273 sub-national units 22 LAC countries taken from national censuses. Data these was aggregated into single risk index based conceptual framework...
The performance of eight microbial source tracking (MST) markers was evaluated in a low-resource, tropical community located Iquitos, Peru. Fecal samples from humans, dogs, cats, rats, goats, buffalos, guinea-pigs, chickens, ducks, pigeons, and parrots were collected (n = 117). All tested with human (BacHum, HF183-Taqman), dog (BactCan), pig (Pig-2-Bac), avian (LA35, Av4143, ND5, cytB) using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Internal validity metrics calculated all animal fecal samples, as well...
Abstract An impressive number of COVID-19 data catalogs exist. None, however, are optimized for science applications, e.g ., inconsistent naming and conventions, uneven quality control, lack alignment between disease potential predictors pose barriers to robust modeling analysis. To address this gap, we generated a unified dataset that integrates implements checks the from numerous leading sources epidemiological environmental data. We use globally consistent hierarchy administrative units...