A5103131987- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Genetics and Plant Breeding
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Impact of Light on Environment and Health
- Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
- Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- S100 Proteins and Annexins
- Health and Medical Research Impacts
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
- Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Catalysis
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
University College London
1981-2021
National Institute of Agricultural Botany
2003-2021
George Washington University
2019
Lancaster University
2017
Farr Institute
2017
Universidade Federal de Pelotas
2016
University of Bristol
2016
MRC Epidemiology Unit
2016
University College Hospital
2016
Oregon Health & Science University
2007
Background: The implications of different adiposity measures on cardiovascular disease etiology remain unclear. In this article, we quantify and contrast causal associations central (waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index [WHRadjBMI]) general (body [BMI]) with cardiometabolic disease. Methods: Ninety-seven independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms BMI 49 WHRadjBMI were used to conduct Mendelian randomization analyses in 14 prospective studies supplemented coronary heart (CHD) data...
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is causally related to coronary artery disease (CAD), but the relevance of high-density (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TGs) uncertain. Lowering LDL-C levels by statin therapy modestly increases risk type 2 diabetes, it unknown whether this effect specific statins.To investigate associations 3 routinely measured lipid fractions with CAD diabetes through mendelian randomization (MR) using conventional MR making use newer approaches, such as multivariate...
Although commonplace in human disease genetics, genome-wide association (GWA) studies have only relatively recently been applied to plants. Using 32 phenotypes the inbreeding crop barley, we report GWA mapping of 15 morphological traits across ∼500 cultivars genotyped with 1,536 SNPs. In contrast majority studies, observe high levels linkage disequilibrium within and between chromosomes. Despite this, analysis readily detected common alleles penetrance. To investigate potential combining...
The scaffolding protein WAVE-1 (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome family member 1) directs signals from the GTPase Rac through Arp2/3 complex to facilitate neuronal actin remodeling. WAVE-associated activating called WRP is implicated in human mental retardation, and knock-out mice have altered behavior. Neuronal time-lapse imaging, behavioral analyses, electrophysiological recordings genetically modified were used show that signaling complexes control aspects of morphogenesis synaptic plasticity....
BackgroundIncreased circulating plasma urate concentration is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, but the extent any causative effect on disease still unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify causal role using Mendelian randomisation analysis.MethodsWe first did a fixed-effects meta-analysis observational association and disease. We then used conventional approach investigate relevance genetic instrument based 31 urate-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms...
We developed a 65 type 2 diabetes (T2D) variant-weighted gene score to examine the impact on T2D risk assessment in U.K.-based consortium of prospective studies, with subjects initially free from (N = 13,294; 37.3% women; mean age 58.5 [38-99] years). compared performance phenotypically derived Framingham Offspring Study model and then two combination. Over median 10 years follow-up, 804 participants T2D. The odds ratio for (top vs. bottom quintiles score) was 2.70 (95% CI 2.12-3.43). With...
Abstract Humans vary substantially in their willingness to take risks. In a combined sample of over one million individuals, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) general risk tolerance, adventurousness, and risky behaviors the driving, drinking, smoking, sexual domains. We identified 611 approximately independent genetic loci associated with at least our phenotypes, including 124 tolerance. report evidence substantial shared influences across tolerance behaviors: 72 contain...
Rationale: Hypoadiponectinemia correlates with several coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. However, it is unknown whether adiponectin causally implicated in CHD pathogenesis. Objective: We aimed to investigate the causal effect of on risk. Methods and Results: undertook a Mendelian randomization study using data from genome-wide association studies consortia. used ADIPOGen consortium identify genetic variants that could be as instrumental variables for adiponectin. Data these were...
Abstract Background Association mapping, initially developed in human disease genetics, is now being applied to plant species. The model species Arabidopsis provided some of the first examples association mapping plants, identifying previously cloned flowering time genes, despite high population sub-structure. More recently, genetics has been barley, where breeding activity resulted a degree A major genotypic division within barley that between winter- and spring-sown varieties, which differ...
Abstract The clustering software Structure has been used extensively to infer population structure in natural populations from multilocus genotype data. Determining meaningful values of K , the assumed number subpopulations is one primary challenges making biological inferences package CorrSieve summarizes output and performs a tests, including both previously reported methods novel ones, help determine .
Objective Observational studies have shown that increased plasma urate is associated with lower risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), but these were not designed to test causality. If a causal relationship exists, then modulating levels could be potential preventive avenue for PD. We used large two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design assess between and PD risk. Methods genetic instrument consisting 31 independent loci on case‐control genome‐wide association study data set, which included...
Substantial advances have been made in identifying common genetic variants influencing cardiometabolic traits and disease outcomes through genome wide association studies. Nevertheless, gaps knowledge remain new questions arisen regarding the population relevance, mechanisms, applications for healthcare. Using a high-resolution custom single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array (Metabochip) incorporating dense coverage of genomic regions linked to disease, University College-London...
The Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) SNP rs6511720 (G>T), located in intron-1 of the gene, has been identified genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as being associated with lower plasma levels LDL-C and a risk coronary heart disease (CHD). Whether or not is itself functional marker for variant elsewhere gene known.The LDLR incidence CHD was determined by reference to CARDIoGRAM, C4D Global lipids genetics consortium (GLGC) data. annotation databases were used identify possible...
Association mapping using crop cultivars allows identification of genetic loci direct relevance to breeding. Here, 150 U.K. wheat (
Annexin-A2 (AnxA2) is an endogenous inhibitor of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9). The repeat-one (R1) domain AnxA2 binds to PCSK9, blocking its ability promote degradation low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-receptors (LDL-R) and thereby regulate cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Here we identify variants in ANXA2 influencing LDL-C levels determine the molecular mechanisms their effects.The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype-phenotype association was examined using...