A5090500596- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Diabetes Management and Research
- Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Ion channel regulation and function
- Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Gut microbiota and health
- Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Diabetes Management and Education
- Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Apelin-related biomedical research
University of California, San Francisco
2016-2025
San Francisco General Hospital
2021
Diabetes Care Center
2019
Gladstone Institutes
2006-2017
Diabetes Australia
2015-2017
Baylor College of Medicine
1995-2000
Diets rich in saturated fat produce inflammation, gliosis, and neuronal stress the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). Here, we show that microglia mediate this process its functional impact. Although astrocytes accumulate MBH of mice fed a diet fatty acids (SFAs), only undergo inflammatory activation, along with buildup hypothalamic SFAs. Enteric gavage specifically SFAs reproduces microglial activation MBH, SFA treatment activates murine microglia, but not astrocytes, culture. Moreover,...
Surgery can induce cognitive decline, a risk that increases with advancing age. In rodents, postoperative decline (POCD) is associated the inflammatory activation of hippocampal microglia. To examine role microglia in POCD, we inhibited colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) adult mice, effectively depleting CNS Surgical trauma (tibial fracture) reduced ability mice to remember conditioned response learned preoperatively, deficit more pronounced and persistent diet-induced obesity...
Background: A composite metric for the quality of glycemia from continuous glucose monitor (CGM) tracings could be useful assisting with basic clinical interpretation CGM data. Methods: We assembled a data set 14-day 225 insulin-treated adults diabetes. Using balanced incomplete block design, 330 clinicians who were highly experienced analysis and ranked best to worst glycemia. used principal component multiple regressions develop model predict clinician ranking based on seven standard...
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) leads to inflammatory activation of macrophages in white adipose tissue (WAT) and subsequently insulin resistance. PPARγ agonists are antidiabetic agents known suppress macrophage induce expression the triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis enzyme acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) WAT adipocytes. Here, we investigated mice relationship between lipid storage capacity DIO-associated activation. Mice overexpressing DGAT1 both adipocytes (referred herein as...
Pancreatic beta cells (β-cells) differentiate during fetal life, but only postnatally acquire the capacity for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). How this happens is not clear. In exploring what molecular mechanisms drive maturation of β-cell function, we found that control cellular signaling in β-cells fundamentally switched from nutrient sensor target rapamycin (mTORC1) to energy 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and was critical functional maturation....
Metabolic complications relating to complex effects of viral and immune-mediated mechanisms are now a focus clinical care among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), obesity is emerging as critical problem. To address knowledge gaps, the US National Institutes Health sponsored symposium in May 2018 entitled "Obesity Fat Metabolism HIV-infected Individuals." Mechanisms adipose dysfunction fibrosis, immune function, inflammation, gastrointestinal integrity were highlighted...
The role of obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) in airflow limitation asthma is uncertain.
An error grid compares measured versus reference glucose concentrations to assign clinical risk values observed errors. Widely used grids for blood monitors (BGMs) have limited value because they do not also reflect accuracy of continuous (CGMs).
Highlights•Microglia transiently accumulate in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) during neonatal life•Microglia consume synapses and perineuronal net components MBH this period•Depleting microglia period reduces synaptic connections to pancreatic β cells•This reduced connectivity is linked impaired adult insulin-dependent glucose toleranceSummaryGlucose homeostasis is, part, nutritionally programmed early life, a critical window for synapse formation between hypothalamic glucoregulatory...
BackgroundThe failure of immune surveillance to remove senescent cells drives age-related diseases. Here, we target an endogenous mechanism that can promote elimination and reverse disease progression.MethodsWe identify a class lipid-activated T cells,invariant natural killer (iNKTs), are involved in the removal pathologic cells. We use two models which accumulate test whether activation iNKT was sufficient eliminate vivo.FindingsSenescent preadipocytes white adipose tissue chronic high-fat...
Identification of microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate lipid metabolism is important to advance the understanding and treatment some most common human diseases. In liver, a few key miRNAs have been reported metabolism, but since many genes contribute hepatic we hypothesized other such exist. To identify repressed by in mature hepatocytes vivo , injected adult mice carrying floxed Dicer1 alleles with an adenoassociated viral vector expressing Cre recombinase specifically hepatocytes. By...
Clinical trials revealed limited response duration of glioblastomas to VEGF-neutralizing antibody bevacizumab. Thriving in the devascularized microenvironment occurring after antiangiogenic therapy requires tumor cell adaptation decreased glucose, with 50% less glucose identified bevacizumab-treated xenografts. Compared bevacizumab-responsive xenograft cells, resistant cells exhibited increased uptake, glycolysis, 13C NMR pyruvate lactate conversion, and survival low glucose. Glucose...