Riccardo Castagnoli
A5049486770- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
- Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications
- Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Eosinophilic Disorders and Syndromes
- Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions
- Blood disorders and treatments
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Urticaria and Related Conditions
- Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Mast cells and histamine
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
Policlinico San Matteo Fondazione
2017-2025
University of Pavia
2016-2025
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2019-2025
Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico
2016-2025
National Institutes of Health
2019-2025
Federico II University Hospital
2024
Chinese University of Hong Kong
2024
Nemours Children’s Clinic
2023
Yahoo (United Kingdom)
2022
Office of Extramural Research
2021
Interindividual clinical variability in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is vast. We report that at least 101 987 patients with life-threatening disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia had neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against interferon-ω (IFN-ω) (13 patients), 13 types IFN-α (36), or both (52) onset critical disease; a few also auto-Abs other three type I IFNs. The neutralize ability corresponding IFNs to block...
Circulating autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing high concentrations (10 ng/mL, in plasma diluted 1 to 10) of IFN-α and/or -ω are found about 10% patients with critical COVID-19 pneumonia, but not subjects asymptomatic infections. We detect auto-Abs 100-fold lower, more physiological, (100 pg/mL, 1/10 dilutions plasma) 13.6% 3,595 COVID-19, including 21% 374 > 80 years, and 6.5% 522 severe COVID-19. These antibodies also detected 18% the 1,124 deceased (aged 20 days-99 years; mean: 70...
Immune and inflammatory responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contribute disease severity of 2019 (COVID-19). However, the utility specific immune-based biomarkers predict clinical outcome remains elusive. Here, we analyzed levels 66 soluble in 175 Italian patients with COVID-19 ranging from mild/moderate critical assessed type I IFN–, II NF-κB–dependent whole-blood transcriptional signatures. A broad signature was observed, implicating activation various...
Significance There is growing evidence that preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) are strong determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. It important to estimate their quantitative impact on mortality upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, by age and sex, as both the prevalence these risk death increase with higher in men. Using an unvaccinated sample 1,261 deceased patients 34,159 individuals from general population, we found against IFNs strongly increased...
We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-α2 in 10 patients: IFN-α2 only three, plus IFN-ω five, and IFN-α2, IFN-β two; nine patients). Seven (3.8%) Abs at least ng/ml one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated glycosylated IFNs. also detected pg/ml 4 2,267 uninfected (0.2%) 45 (2%). odds ratios (ORs) life-threatening were, therefore,...
Type-I interferons (IFNs) mediate antiviral activity and have emerged as important immune mediators during coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Several lines of evidence suggest that impaired type-I IFN signaling may predispose to severe COVID-19. However, the pathophysiologic mechanisms contribute illness severity remain unclear. In this study, our goal was gain insight into how IFNs influence outcomes in patients with To achieve goal, we compared clinical between 26 neutralizing...
Human recombination-activating gene (RAG) deficiency can manifest with distinct clinical and immunological phenotypes. By applying a multiomics approach to large group of RAG-mutated patients, we aimed at characterizing the immunopathology associated each phenotype. Although defective T B cell development is common all phenotypes, patients hypomorphic RAG variants generate cells signatures immune dysregulation produce autoantibodies broad range self-antigens, including type I interferons....
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is rare in childhood, but it associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Genetic causes of HCM are mostly related to sarcomeric genes abnormalities; however, syndromic, metabolic, mitochondrial disorders play an important role its etiopathogenesis pediatric patients. We here describe a new case apparently isolated due assembly factor gene NDUFAF1 biallelic variants (c.631C > T intragenic deletion encompassing exon 3, NM_016013.4). Alterations this...
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting people at any age with a more severe course in patients chronic diseases or comorbidities, men, and elderly patients. Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) initially proposed that lung diseases, including moderate-severe asthma, allergy may have higher risk of developing COVID-19 than otherwise healthy (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/specific-groups/asthma.html). Very few reports on pediatric been presented still...
Anti-IgE treatment represents a major breakthrough in the therapeutic management of severe allergic asthma. To date, omalizumab is only biological drug currently licensed as add-on therapy children aged > 6 years with moderate-to-severe and asthma uncontrolled after high dose inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting beta2-agonist. The clinical efficacy safety pediatric population has been extensively documented specific trials consistently expanded from real-life studies. Our aim to describe...
The antibody profile against autoantigens previously associated with autoimmune diseases and other human proteins in patients COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome children (MIS-C) remains poorly defined. Here we show that 30% of adults had autoantibodies the lung antigen KCNRG, 34% antibodies to SLE-associated Smith-D3 protein. Children rarely autoantibodies; one 59 GAD65 acute onset insulin-dependent diabetes. While SLE/Sjögren’s (Ro52, Ro60, La) and/or gastritis (gastric ATPase)...